<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676</id><updated>2011-11-27T15:33:27.341-08:00</updated><category term='Photoshop and Graphic'/><category term='Công nghệ hóa học'/><category term='Kính vạn hoa cuộc sống - The chicken soup for the soul'/><category term='Khoa học và cuộc sống'/><category term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><category term='Thư giãn'/><category term='Cuộc sống'/><category term='Truyện tranh - Comic'/><title type='text'>_* *WELCOME TO MY BLOG* *_</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>66</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-6345841007082025029</id><published>2009-05-28T00:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-28T01:09:06.838-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Khoa học và cuộc sống'/><title type='text'>Ocean monster shows hidden depths -</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;or a while during its design, Asahiko Taira told me, the ship became known as "Godzilla-maru", so unusual and top-heavy were its projected lines.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"We started planning the Chikyu about 15 years ago, and there were some people who thought we were too ambitious," he recalled. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sh5GGmMw3lI/AAAAAAAABjY/Xhov5fR-OM0/s1600-h/_45832881_chikyusunset226.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 226px; height: 226px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sh5GGmMw3lI/AAAAAAAABjY/Xhov5fR-OM0/s400/_45832881_chikyusunset226.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5340783287255227986" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"But now we can see that the ship is doing what it is designed to do and is opening up new possibilities." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As director-general of the Center for Deep Earth Exploration (CDex), an arm of Japan's Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (Jamstec), Dr Taira played a key role in steering the Chikyu from vague concept to steel reality. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The idea was simple. Scientists wanted to drill down into the Earth's crust - and even through the crust - to get samples from the key zones 6 or 7km down where earthquakes and lots of other interesting geological processes begin; but that was impossible with existing ships. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Solution: find six hundred million dollars, and design and build a new one.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Strung out&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first thing that strikes you when the Chikyu comes into view is the drill derrick, which stands 100m above the deck - the tallest ship-borne rig in the world. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Festooned from it are cables a handspan thick, and huge pieces of yellow machinery, all connected with the core business of sending a drill bit deeper into the Earth than has ever been done at sea. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"There is far more to drilling a hole in the ground than just drilling a hole in the ground," Steve Krukowski tells me as we look down from the deck outside the ship's onboard laboratory, home of the scientists waiting for the samples that the drillers will provide. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"In days gone by, rigs were manual, whereby you had a guy stuck up on the derrick running the drill pipe on a rope. All the rigs coming out nowadays are automatic, reducing the interface between man and machine." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Steve is the Chikyu's offshore installation manager, and runs the entire operation when the ship is stationary and drilling. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although men are still needed on the drill floor, most of the heavy work is done by programmed machines that extract and replace lengths of the drill shaft - or "drillstring" as the professionals call it - or that screw lengths of pipe together, or bring lengths of casing that will line the drill hole. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sh5GQxXCEII/AAAAAAAABjg/s59ghYSjh4Q/s1600-h/_45832841_cross_section466x243.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 209px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sh5GQxXCEII/AAAAAAAABjg/s59ghYSjh4Q/s400/_45832841_cross_section466x243.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5340783462049779842" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A robot submarine is deployed near the sea floor, monitoring the shaft as it goes into the ground.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Advertisement&lt;br /&gt;Driving along the Ocean floor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But you might find all this on any scientific drilling ship. What allows Chikyu to reach the subterranean depths of a subduction zone is a large pipe that goes around the drillstring - the riser. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The riser extends from the bottom of the ship to the bottom of the ocean, effectively connecting the two. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The drill is lowered inside the pipe. Viscous drilling mud can now be pumped down inside the drillstring, returning to the ship inside the riser. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Common as mud might be, it is the key to penetrating down more than one or two kilometres. Without it, there is no way of extracting all the chippings and loose material thrown out by the drill bit, or of keeping enough pressure in the hole to prevent collapse. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chikyu is currently the only scientific research ship in the world equipped with a riser drilling system, so it is the only ship able to do the work that its onboard scientists are attempting - to drill right into one of the Earth's major subduction zones, where one tectonic plate slides roughly under another one, with periodic catastrophic consequences. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sh5GYS9FJKI/AAAAAAAABjo/0u97eunIaaE/s1600-h/_45832820_riserpipes226.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 226px; height: 282px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sh5GYS9FJKI/AAAAAAAABjo/0u97eunIaaE/s400/_45832820_riserpipes226.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5340783591326819490" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Water feature&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Currently, Chikyu is drilling in water about 1.6km deep; but one of the further scheduled holes will see a drop of 4km from ship to bottom. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So here is the challenge. Your ship is connected to the ocean floor by a drillstring and a riser, so it has to remain still; yet the water is too deep for anchoring. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The solution lies in technologies on the water and in space that combine into a dynamic positioning (DP) system. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ship is continuously receiving information from global positioning satellites and from acoustic beacons on the sea floor around the drill site. Special equipment monitors the strength of the wind. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The DP software monitors these streams of data and issues commands to the six azimuth thrusters (variable-direction propellers) and one side thruster in the bow, telling them where to point and how hard to push.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Advertisement&lt;br /&gt;Graphics explain sea bed drilling&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Of course, it depends on the weather conditions, but usually we keep the ship's position to within five metres," says the Chikyu's captain Yasushi Minoura. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"If the weather is good, our position is like a dot." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inner quest&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Chikyu's third hi-tech element is the onboard laboratory. Rock cores are scanned and cut and probed and scanned again as soon as they come up from the ocean floor. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"First we cut the core section into 1.5m lengths, and then we scan with an X-ray CT scanner," explains Toshikatsu Kuramoto, who is in charge of the core laboratory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Getting down to the sea-floor one pipe at a time &lt;br /&gt;"Then it goes through a gamma ray attenuation sensor, measuring the rock density. Then we have a p-wave velocity sensor, measuring the speed of sound through the rock, we sense electrical resistance, susceptibility to magnetism, and the flux of gamma rays coming from the rock itself." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Only after these tests are the cores sawn down the middle - one half destined for further, possibly destructive testing, and the other for a core archive kept in the Japanese city of Kochi. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The current project, NanTroSEIZE, is concerned with the Earth's crust and the mechanisms that cause earthquakes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But Asahiko Taira sees other possibilities for a ship whose drill can reach depths of six, seven or even possibly 10 kilometres under the surface. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"One of the most exciting new ventures could be the first penetration into the mantle," he says. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"You know the Earth has three layers - crust, mantle and core - and no-one has ever been down into the mantle before." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mantle is much closer to the surface under the sea than on land, so the idea does make sense. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But such an operation cannot be conceived overnight. Applications would have to be made - at least in triplicate, one presumes - through the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), the international venture that brings together scientists from all over the world and raises money for projects such as NanTroSEIZE. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The company that Jamstec contracts to run the ship is already planning for the operation if its name - Mantle Quest Japan - is anything to go by. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The cost of these operations is formidable - NanTroSEIZE comes in at several hundred thousand dollars per day - but in terms of a project that truly breaks new ground, what could be more appropriate for a vessel that has already re-written the rulebook of the possible? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sh5GhlBHqII/AAAAAAAABjw/tTlD9z4X4P0/s1600-h/_45832572_drilling_boat466x618.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 302px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sh5GhlBHqII/AAAAAAAABjw/tTlD9z4X4P0/s400/_45832572_drilling_boat466x618.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5340783750794422402" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-6345841007082025029?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/6345841007082025029/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/ocean-monster-shows-hidden-depths.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6345841007082025029'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6345841007082025029'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/ocean-monster-shows-hidden-depths.html' title='Ocean monster shows hidden depths -'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sh5GGmMw3lI/AAAAAAAABjY/Xhov5fR-OM0/s72-c/_45832881_chikyusunset226.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-1125012937106833354</id><published>2009-05-26T21:04:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-26T21:09:10.339-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Khoa học và cuộc sống'/><title type='text'>Communal Stomach Of An Ant Colony</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;ommunal Stomach Of An Ant Colony&lt;br /&gt;link:  http://www.sciencedaily.com/&lt;br /&gt;ScienceDaily (May 11, 2009) — How do ant colonies manage the nutrients in their food? Audrey Dussutour from the Centre de recherche sur la cognition animale (CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier) and Steve Simpson from Sydney University have shown that an ant colony functions like a “collective mouth and gut”. The members of a colony are capable of dealing with the nutritional needs of their social structure by sharing tasks (foraging, digestion and excretion).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Shy8FzAy4FI/AAAAAAAABjI/dqgaGmhrNU8/s1600-h/090507192511.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 152px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Shy8FzAy4FI/AAAAAAAABjI/dqgaGmhrNU8/s400/090507192511.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5340350065933475922" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rhytidoponera sp. ants feeding on sugar water (Credit: Copyright Gabriel Miller)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt; &lt;br /&gt;In an ants' nest, food is brought home by only 10% of the colony members - the foragers. This food is then regurgitated and shared among all the ants in the colony. Nutritional needs differ, however, between the young (larvae) and adults of the colony.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Audrey Dussutour and Steve Simpson have recently shown that the larvae, which cannot move or leave the nest, are capable of communicating their nutritional needs to forager ants, who adapt their gathering strategy accordingly. These researchers provided sugar- or protein-rich foods for ant colonies with and without larvae, and observed that ant behaviour differed. When a colony had larvae, high protein foods were preferentially gathered that could sustain larval growth. Inversely, when there were no larvae, the ants preferentially gathered sugar-rich foods.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a second experiment, the researchers showed that sugar is the key nutrient regulating gathering in ants. Provided with a range of food containing varying proportions of protein and sugar, foragers are capable of harvesting the same quantity of sugar. These researchers also observed that when the food was rich in protein and poor in sugar, the excess of proteins was ejected from the nest. Ants are therefore capable of extracting sugar from food and regurgitating protein in the form of waste pellets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, despite this food manipulation, the colonies reared with protein-rich food had extremely high mortality due to protein toxicity and suffered losses of up to 75%. In comparison, the ant colonies reared on food of lower protein content lost less than 5% of their numbers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The scientists noticed that the mortality was lower in colonies with larvae. They demonstrated that the ants in these colonies managed to partially escape the toxic effects of proteins by giving the work of nutrient processing to the larvae, which are better equipped for protein digestion. The researchers also confirmed the highly toxic effect of protein-rich food on ants, as they had previously demonstrated in fruit flies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-1125012937106833354?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/1125012937106833354/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/c-ommunal-stomach-of-ant-colony.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1125012937106833354'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1125012937106833354'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/c-ommunal-stomach-of-ant-colony.html' title='Communal Stomach Of An Ant Colony'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Shy8FzAy4FI/AAAAAAAABjI/dqgaGmhrNU8/s72-c/090507192511.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-3107580946901028532</id><published>2009-05-24T07:30:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-24T07:31:14.174-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>More terrible English mistakes from around the world</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;ere are some lovely howlers from various countries. &lt;br /&gt;Africa&lt;br /&gt;In an East African newspaper: A new swimming pool is rapidly taking shape since the contractors have thrown in the bulk of their workers. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;America&lt;br /&gt;In an Acapulco hotel: The manager has personally passed all the water served here. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notice outside an American factory: "CLOSING DOWN, THANKS TO ALL OUR CUSTOMERS."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in an American hospital "GUARD DOGS OPERATING."&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a bargain basement store "DON'T GO INTO ANOTHER SHOP TO BE CHEATED - COME IN HERE."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign outside a Mexican disco "MEMBERS AND NON-MEMBERS ONLY."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a Mexican city hotel "BROKEN ENGLISH SPOKEN PERFECTLY."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Law in Kansas: When two trains approach each other at a crossing, they shall both stop and neither shall start up until the other has gone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in an American drapery shop "GENTS' TROUSERS SLASHED"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in an American chemists "WE DISPENSE WITH ACCURACY"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Asia&lt;br /&gt;In a Tokyo shop: Our nylons cost more than common, but you'll find they are best in the long run. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On a string of Chinese-made Christmas lights - For indoor or outdoor use only.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in an Indian restaurant "AFTER ONE VISIT WE GUARANTEE YOU WILL BE REGULAR"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From a Japanese information booklet about using a hotel air conditioner: Cooles and Heates: If you want just condition of warm in your room, please control yourself. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the label of a Taiwanese shampoo - USE REPEATEDLY FOR SEVERE DAMAGE.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From a brochure of a car rental firm in Tokyo: When passenger of foot heave in sight, tootle the horn. Trumpet him melodiously at first, but if he still obstacles your passage then tootle him with vigor. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Tokyo Hotel: Is forbidden to steal hotel towels please. If you are not a person to do such thing is please not to read notis. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Detour sign in Kyushi, Japan: Stop - Drive Sideways &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the box of a clockwork toy made in Hong Kong: Guaranteed to work throughout its useful life. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is a blurb from a chocolate bar wrapper in Japan: Soft and mild, like a Japanese woman. Good flavor and full of juice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Advertisement for donkey rides in Thailand: Would you like to ride on your own ass? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On a Korean kitchen knife - "WARNING KEEP OUT OF CHILDREN."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Bangkok bar: It is forbidden to enter a woman even a foreigner if dressed as a man. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign outside a Bangkok bar "THE SHADIEST COCKTAIL BAR IN TOWN."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Tokyo bar: Special cocktails for the ladies with nuts. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From Singapore: Sir Loin steak with potato cheeps. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a Sri Lankan swimming pool "DO NOT USE THE DIVING BOARD WHEN THE SWIMMING POOL IS EMPTY."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In an advertisement by a Hong Kong dentist: Teeth extracted by the latest Methodists.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From Macao: Utmost of chicken fried in bother. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Outside a Hong Kong tailor shop: Ladies may have a fit upstairs. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Japanese hotel: You are invited to take advantage of the chambermaid.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Bangkok dry cleaner's: Drop your trousers here for best results. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Australasia&lt;br /&gt;Label on a New Zealand insect spray - "THIS PRODUCT NOT TESTED ON ANIMALS."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Canada&lt;br /&gt;This is a story about a mistake a politician made in French. &lt;br /&gt;Canada's Prime Minister in the late 50's and early 60's was John Diefenbaker, notorious in the French-speaking province of Quebec for his horrible French pronunciation, (he couldn't speak French, he just read it out loud.) One day, he was expressing his appreciation for having been invited to attend a ceremony in Quebec. He mispronounced the word "appreciate" in French. In English, it's pronounced "appree-shee-ate" but in French they say "appréciez" pronounced "appray-see-aye". He actually pronounced it, "appray-shee-aye", which means "after having shit". So, what his French audience heard was, "After having shit, I am pleased to be here." Thanks to Tim Penner.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Europe&lt;br /&gt;In the lobby of a Moscow hotel across from a Russian Orthodox monastery: You are welcome to visit the cemetery where famous Russian and Soviet composers, artists, and writers are buried daily except Thursday. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;German-English text book - After a certain time cheques are stale and cannot be cashed. (Business English from A-Z Page 53) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notice on a soup terrine in a German cash and carry store (called Metro) - Erbsensuppe | Pie Soup - I think it should have been pea soup.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a travel agents in Barcelona "GO AWAY!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a Paris restaurant "WE SERVE FIVE O'CLOCK TEA AT ALL HOURS."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a French swimming pool "SWIMMING FORBIDDEN IN THE ABSENCE OF A SAVIOUR."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Paris hotel elevator: Please leave your values at the front desk. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From a restaurant in France: A sports jacket may be worn to dinner, but no trousers. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the menu of a French restaurant - egg - "an extract of fowl, peached or sunside up."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a hotel in Ankara "PLEASE HANG YOUR ORDER BEFORE RETIRING ON YOUR DOORKNOB."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two signs from a Majorcan shop entrance: &lt;br /&gt;- English well talking. &lt;br /&gt;- Here speeching American. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Copenhagen airline ticket office: We take your bags and send them in all directions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a British school "IF YOU THINK YOU'VE GOT A PROBLEM, YOU SHOULD SEE THE HEAD."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a British hospital "DANGEROUS DRUGS MUST BE LOCKED UP WITH THE MATRON."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign outside a British night club "CLOSED TONIGHT FOR SPECIAL OPENING."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a British community centre "VISITORS WITH READING DIFFICULTIES SHOULD PROCEED TO FRONT DESK FOR INFORMATION."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Advert in a British shop window "HOME WANTED FOR FRIENDLY LABRADOR. WILL EAT ANYTHING - LOVES CHILDREN."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the door of a Moscow hotel room: If this is your first visit to the USSR, you are welcome to it. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a hotel in Madrid "IF YOU WISH DISINFECTION ENACTED IN YOUR PRESENCE, CRY OUT FOR THE CHAMBERMAID"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Norwegian cocktail lounge: Ladies are requested not to have children in the bar. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Budapest zoo: Please do not feed the animals. If you have any suitable food, give it to the guard on duty. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From Budapest: All rooms not denounced by twelve o'clock will be paid for twicely.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the office of a Roman doctor: Specialist in women and other diseases. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the menu of a Swiss restaurant: Our wines leave you nothing to hope for.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Swiss mountain inn: Special today -- no ice cream. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Swiss restaurant: Our wines leave you nothing to hope for.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In an Austrian hotel catering to skiers: Not to perambulate the corridors in the hours of repose in the boots of ascension. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign on lion cage at a Czech zoo "NO SMOOTHEN THE LION."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the menu of a Polish hotel: Salad a firm's own make; limpid red beet soup with cheesy dumplings in the form of a finger; roasted duck let loose; beef rashers beaten up in the country people's fashion. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Bucharest hotel lobby: The lift is being fixed for the next day. During that time we regret that you will be unbearable. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Leipzig lift: Do not enter the lift backwards, and only when lit up. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Belgrade hotel lift: To move the cabin, push button for wishing floor. If the cabin should enter more persons, each one should press a number of wishing floor. Driving is then going alphabetically by national order. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a hotel in Athens: Visitors are expected to complain at the office between the hours of 9 and 11 A.M. daily. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Rome laundry: Ladies, leave your clothes here and spend the afternoon having a good time. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Czechoslovakian tourist agency: Take one of our horse-driven city tours - we guarantee no miscarriages. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Balkan hotel: The flattening of underwear with pleasure is the job of the chambermaid. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Vienna hotel: In case of fire, do your utmost to alarm the hotel porter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From a restaurant in Vienna: Fried milk, children sandwiches, roast cattle and boiled sheep. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the Soviet Weekly: There will be a Moscow Exhibition of Arts by 150,000 Soviet Republic painters and sculptors. These were executed over the past two years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in an Istanbul hotel "TO CALL ROOM SERVICE, PLEASE OPEN THE DOOR AND CALL ROOM SERVICE."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From a Yugoslavian elevator: Let us know about an unficiency as well as leaking on the service. Our utmost will improve it. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Outside a Paris dress shop: Dresses for street walking. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Rhodes tailor shop: Order your summers suit. Because is big rush we will execute customers in strict rotation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A sign posted in Germany's Black forest: It is strictly forbidden on our black forest camping site that people of different sex, for instance, men and women, live together in one tent unless they are married with each other or that purpose.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a Zurich hotel: Because of the impropriety of entertaining guests of the opposite sex in the bedroom, it is suggested that the lobby be used for this purpose. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rhodes tailor shop: Order your summer suit. Because is big rush, we will execute customers in strict rotation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Portuguese patent agent: 'It will not be necessary to state the name and address of the inventor if the applicant is not himself.' &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the faucet in a Finnish toilet: To stop the drip, turn cock to right. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the window of a Swedish furrier: Fur coats made for ladies from their own skin. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On a Soviet ship in the Black Sea: Helpsavering apparata in emergings behold many whistles! Associate the stringing apparata about the bosoms and meet behind. Flee then to the indifferent lifesavering shippen obediencing the instructs of the vessel chef." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Middle East&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a Tel Aviv Hotel "IF YOU WISH BREAKFAST, LIFT THE TELEPHONE AND OUR WAITRESS WILL ARRIVE. THIS WILL BE ENOUGH TO BRING UP YOUR FOOD."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unknown origin&lt;br /&gt;On a medicine bottle: Adults: 1 tablet 3 times a day until passing away"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a greengrocers "PLEASE DON'T HANDLE THE FRUIT. ASK FOR DEBBIE."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a furniture shop "WE STAND BEHIND EVERY BED WE SELL."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Instructions with a hair dryer "WARNING: NEVER USE WHILE SLEEPING."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a hotel lift "PLEASE DO NOT USE THIS LIFT WHEN IT IS NOT WORKING."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign on a building site "NIGHT WATCHMAN PATROLS THIS AREA 24 HOURS A DAY."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a dry-cleaners "IF YOU FEEL WE HAVE FAILED YOU IN ANY WAY WE SHALL BE ONLY TOO PLEASED TO DO IT AGAIN AT NO EXTRA CHARGE."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Directions for mosquito repellent: Replacing battery - Replace the old battery with a new one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a jewellery shop "OUR GIFTS WILL NOT LAST LONG AT THESE PRICES."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a hotel "ALL FIRE EXTINGUISHERS MUST BE EXAMINED AT LEAST TEN DAYS BEFORE ANY FIRE."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On a hotel provided shower cap in a box - "FITS ON HEAD."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sign in a beauty parlour "EARS PIERCED WHILE YOU WAIT. PAY FOR TWO AND GET ANOTHER ONE PIERCED FREE."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Book title - CORRECTLY ENGLISH IN 100 DAYS (allegedly this textbook is cited in Mario Pei's (1952) The Story of English, page 174. Thanks to Chris.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-3107580946901028532?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/3107580946901028532/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/more-terrible-english-mistakes-from.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3107580946901028532'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3107580946901028532'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/more-terrible-english-mistakes-from.html' title='More terrible English mistakes from around the world'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-8134910442989738924</id><published>2009-05-24T07:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-24T07:29:13.280-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>English Howlers - Medical Mistakes</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;his time from the medical establishment &lt;br /&gt;(In memory of Mike) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She has no rigors or shaking chills, but her husband states she was very hot in bed last night. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patient has chest pain if she lies on her left side for over a year. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The patient was examined, X-rated and sent home. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the second day the knee was better, and on the third day it disappeared. &lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The patient is tearful and crying constantly. She also appears to be depressed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The patient has been depressed since she began seeing me in 1993. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Discharge status: Alive but without my permission. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Healthy appearing decrepit 69 year old male, mentally alert but forgetful. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The patient refused autopsy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The patient has no previous history of suicides. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patient has left white blood cells at another hospital. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patient had waffles for breakfast and anorexia for lunch. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She is numb from her toes down. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The skin was moist and dry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The baby was delivered, the cord clamped and cut, and handed to the pediatrician, who breathed and cried immediately. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Occasional, constant, infrequent headaches. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The patient lives at home with his mother, father and pet turtle, who is presently enrolled in day care three times a week. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the 2nd day the knee was better and on the 3rd day it disappeared completely. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patient's past medical history has been remarkably insignificant with only a 40 pound weight gain in the past three days. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pelvic examination will be done later on the floor. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patient was released to outpatient department without dressing. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The patient expired on the floor uneventfully. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patient was alert and unresponsive. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Examination reveals a well-developed male lying in bed with his family in no distress. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rectal examination revealed a normal size thyroid. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She stated that she had been constipated for most of her life until she got a divorce. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I saw your patient today, who is still under our car for physical therapy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Both breasts are equal and reactive to light and accommodation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Examination of genitalia reveals that he is circus sized. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The lab test indicated abnormal lover function. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The patient was to have a bowel resection. However, he took a job as a stock broker instead. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Skin: Somewhat pale but present. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patient was seen in consultation by Dr. Blank, who felt we should sit on the abdomen and I agree. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Large brown stool ambulating in the hall. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patient has two teenage children, but no other abnormalities. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By the time he was admitted, his rapid heart had stopped, and he was feeling better. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have suggested that he loosen his pants before standing, and then, when he stands with the help of his wife, they should fall to the floor. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The patient will need disposition, and therefore we will get Dr. Blank to dispose of him. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She slipped on the ice and apparently her legs went in separate directions in early December. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The patient experienced sudden onset of severe shortness of breath with a picture of acute pulmonary edema at home while having sex which gradually deteriorated in the emergency room. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Between you and me, we ought to be able to get this lady pregnant. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The patient was in his usual state of good health until his airplane ran out of gas and crashed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since she can't get pregnant with her husband, I thought you would like to work her up.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Coming from Detroit, this man has no children.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many years ago the patient had frostbite of the right shoe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The bugs that grew out of her urine were cultured in Casualty and are not available. I WILL FIND THEM!!!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The patient left the hospital feeling much better except for her original complaints. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When she fainted, her eyes rolled around the room.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-8134910442989738924?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/8134910442989738924/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/english-howlers-medical-mistakes.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8134910442989738924'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8134910442989738924'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/english-howlers-medical-mistakes.html' title='English Howlers - Medical Mistakes'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-3120687645678518338</id><published>2009-05-24T07:22:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-24T07:23:54.583-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Common Mistakes and Confusing Words in English  P2</title><content type='html'>Hear vs listen  hear is a verb that means to receive or become aware of a sound using your ears, so you don't have to make an effort in order to just hear something. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She heard a noise outside.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;listen is a verb that means to give attention to someone or something in order to hear them, so you make an make an effort in order to hear something properly. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She listened to the noise and realised it was only a cat. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note! In some circumstances we use hear when we listen to someone or something attentively or officially.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I heard a really interesting speech on the radio this morning.&lt;br /&gt;These people need to be heard. &lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;heroin vs heroine  Heroin is a noun, it is a powerful illegal drug, obtained from morphine and is extremely addictive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "He was arrested for supplying heroin, a class A drug." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Heroine is a female person who is admired for having done something very brave or having achieved something great. The male equivalent is hero. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Grace Darling is one of England's best known heroines."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Elfish  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;he's vs his He's is the short form of 'he is' or 'he has'. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: " Don't be scared - he's very friendly." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His is a possesive pronoun, it is used to show something belonging to or connected with a man, boy or male animal that has just been mentioned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: " Mark just phoned to say he'd left his coat behind. Do you know if this is his?" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See the grammar pages for more information on possessive pronouns. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;holiday vs weekend  A holiday (noun), a time, often one or two weeks, when someone does not go to work or school but is free to do what they want, such as travel or relax. You usually have to book your holiday with your boss. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Where are you going on holiday this year? Somewhere nice I hope." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The weekend (noun) - the time from Saturday and Sunday, or Friday evening until Sunday night. It's the part of the week in which most paid workers living in the West do not go to work. It is a time for leisure and recreation, and/or for religious activities. ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "What are you doing this weekend? Anything nice?" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For 111wing on the forum.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;homework vs housework  Homework (noun) - refers to tasks assigned to students by teachers to be completed mostly outside of class, and derives its name from the fact that most students do the majority of such work at home. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "A lot of students in the UK get too much homework." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Housework (noun) - refers to domestic household chores such as cleaning and cooking.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I never seem to have enough time to do the housework. There's always something that needs dusting or polishing." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Sovime on the forum.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;"How do you do?"&lt;br /&gt;vs&lt;br /&gt;"How are you?"&lt;br /&gt; If I had a Euro for every time someone got this one wrong - I'd be a rich bunny!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How do you do?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is not a question. It is another, very formal way of saying "Hello." It is also very British.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The correct response is; "Pleased to meet you." or "How do you do." or just "Hello."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We only really use it the first time we meet someone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How are you?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is a question. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A polite response is; "I'm fine thanks. And you?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more on this topic see here.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;I vs me  Usually we choose the correct form by instinct. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example;-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am a teacher. (not me) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Give that to me. (not I) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are other times when people make mistakes with these two pronouns. I/me is difficult when it is coupled with another pronoun or with a noun. This is when you have to think about the subject/object in a sentence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example;-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"It was I who did the homework," or "It was me who did the homework." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Make the statement simpler:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I did the homework." so "It was I who did the homework," is correct. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The teacher gave the homework to my friend and me. (Not I) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!If you don't understand why the above sentence is correct, simplify the sentence again. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deal with the two people separately.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The teacher gave the homework to my friend. &lt;br /&gt;+&lt;br /&gt;The teacher gave the homework to me. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;= The teacher gave the homework to my friend and me.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;interested vs interesting  Interested is a past participle. When used as an adjective it says how someone feels. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I was very interested in the lesson." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Interesting is a present participle. When used as an adjective it describes the people or things that cause the feelings. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "It was an interesting lesson ."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;lay vs lie  Lay is an irregular transitive verb (lay / laid/ laid - laying). It needs a direct object. It means to put something or someone down (often in a horizontal postion).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Lay your head on the pillow." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lie is an irregular intransitive verb (lie / lay / lain - lying). It does not take a direct object. It means to rest in a horizontal position1 or to be located somewhere2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "If you are tired lie here and have a rest."1 &lt;br /&gt;"Nottingham lies in the Midlands."2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Lie also means to say something that isn't true but it takes the following form (lie / lied / lied - lying). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;lay down vs lie down  Lay down has several different meanings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you lay something down it can mean you officially establish a rule, or officially state the way in which something should be done.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please follow the rules laid down by the administrator.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you lay something down your weapons it means you stop fighting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They laid down their guns and surrendered.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you lay wine down it means you are storing it for drinking in the future.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I laid down this bottle in 1998, it should be perfect for drinking now. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lie down means to move into a position in which your body is flat, usually in order to sleep or rest.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "If you are tired lie down and have a rest."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;look after vs look for  To look after; means to take care of or be in charge of something or someone. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I often ask my mother to look after the children." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To look for; means to try to find something or someone. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I am looking for my keys. Have you seen them?"&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;look at vs watch In this context look is usually followed by the preposition at. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you look at someone or something you are interested in the appearance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generally we look at things that are static.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Look at these photos, they're really good.&lt;br /&gt;I went to the art gallery to look at the exhibition of paintings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Watch is a verb.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you watch someone or something you are interested in what happens.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generally we watch things that move or change state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I watch TV every night.&lt;br /&gt;The security guard watched the shoplifter steal the clock.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!If I say to you "Look at him!" I mean for you to check out his appearance. But, if I say to you "Watch him!" I mean it as a warning.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;look forward / forwards vs look forward to If you look forward / forwards it simply means you are looking ahead of you. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Look forward to is a phrasal verb. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you look forward to something, you feel happy and excited about something that is going to happen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I always look forward to seeing my family and friends when I travel to England. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Hermine  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;look over vs overlook  Look over is a phrasal verb. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you look over something or someone you quickly examine it or them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I asked my teacher to look over what I had written.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Overlook is a verb.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you overlook someone or something you fail to notice or consider it or them.:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I think my teacher overlooked some of my mistakes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Look over is two separate words, overlook is one word. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;loose vs lose  Loose is an adjective. If something isn't fixed properly or it doesn't fit, because it's too large, it's loose.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My headphones weren't working, because a wire was loose.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lose is a verb that means to no longer possess something because you do not know where it is, or because it has been taken away from you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A lot of people will lose their job if there is a recession. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;nor vs &lt;br /&gt;or  nor (conjunction) nor is always used in the negative, usually before the second or last of a set of negative possibilities, after 'neither'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: He drinks neither wine nor beer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;or (conjunction) or is used to connect different possibilities. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Is it Tuesday or Wednesday today? &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;me vs my  As in I vs me we usually choose the correct form by instinct. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Me is used as the object of a verb or preposition. You use me to refer to yourself.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In short answers, we usually use this form.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Knock at the door - "Who's there?" ~ "It's me!" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I want to buy that new DVD." ~ "Me too!" &lt;br /&gt;My is a possessive adjective.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My mother loves me. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now consider the following sentences:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I'm going to me and Margaret's room." or "I'm going to my and Margaret's room." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Which is correct? Me or my? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Simplify the sentence by removing the second person:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I'm going to my room." So, "I'm going to my and Margaret's room," is correct. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A real point of confusion arises when considering the use of "my" or "me" as the "subject" of a gerund. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The teacher didn't like me telling jokes in class. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The teacher didn't like my telling jokes in class.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But which is correct? Well they both are - sort of, but the use of the possessive, "my telling jokes in class " serves to isolate the telling of jokes as the object of my teacher's anger. It's hopefully not "me" at whom she/he has become upset, but the telling of jokes. In the sentence, "me telling jokes in class", it might seem as though the teacher doesn't like me personally. The rule is that the subject of a gerund is supposed to be in the possessive case. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Remember though that this is a purists view. Both are now becoming acceptable through common usage. However, you can avoid any confusion by writing the sentence in a different way:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The teacher didn't like the way I told jokes in class."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;moan vs mourn Moan as a verb, means to make a complaint in an unhappy voice, usually about something which does not seem important to other people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The British always moan about the weather.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mourn is a verb that means to feel or express great sadness, especially because of someone's death.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many people in the UK mourned the death of Princess Diana.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Xeb &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;most vs the most  Most without an article is usually used as an adjective, which means almost all. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They ate most of the cake. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most days I go for a jog. &lt;br /&gt;It's also used to form the superlative where it goes in front of most adverbs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He objected to the results of the election most strongly. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The most is usually used to form the superlative where it goes in front of longer adjectives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Miss World competition is held every year to find the most beautiful woman in the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - This is only a general rule - as ever there are exceptions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;most vs mostly  Most without an article is usually used as an adjective, which means almost all or the largest part. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most days I go for a jog. &lt;br /&gt;They ate most of the cake. &lt;br /&gt;It's also used to form the superlative where it goes in front of most adverbs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He objected to the results of the election most strongly. &lt;br /&gt;Mostly is an adverb. It's not used very often. It means generally, mainly, chiefly, usually etc. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They're mostly good people, although they have made a few mistakes. &lt;br /&gt;For Hermine &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;overtake vs takeover / take over  Overtake is a verb. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It can mean to go beyond something by being better, or if you're driving to come from behind another vehicle or a person and move in front of it. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: You should always check your rear view mirror before you overtake another car.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Takeover as a noun is used when one organisation gains control of a company by buying most of its shares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: In September 2006 Merck announced their takeover of Serono SA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Take over as a phrasal verb means to get control of a company by buying most of its shares. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Merck finally took Serono over in 2007. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;personal vs personnel Personal is an adjective. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It can mean relating to or belonging to someone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Your personal belongings are the things that belong to you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It can relate to the private parts of someone's life, including their relationships and feelings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: If you have personal problems, it means you have problems that are private and sensitive to you. Perhaps problems in a relationship.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It can also mean something that is designed for or used by one person.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: a personal computer or stereo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And it can relate to your body&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: when talk about personal hygiene.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!If you are rude about or offensive towards someone it could be said that you are being personal. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Personnel is a noun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The people who work for an organisation are the personnel. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: military personnel are the members of an army.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The department of an organisation that deals with finding people to work there, keeping records about them, etc is the Personnel Department. The head of that department is the personnel manager.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I need to speak to someone in Personnel."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Many businesses have renamed their Personnel Department to 'The Human Resources Department' or HRD for short.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;practice vs practise Practice is a noun&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: We need to put these ideas into practice.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Practise is a verb&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: To learn English well you have to practise.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - This is only true in British English. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - Often in British English the noun form ends in ...ice and the verb form ends in ...ise. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;precede vs proceed  Precede is a verb that means to be or to go before something or someone in time or space.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Ecological extinction caused by overfishing precedes other human disturbance to coastal ecosystems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Proceed is a verb that means to continue as planned. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The government has decided not to proceed with the legislation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thanks to Komala.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;principal vs principle  Principal as an adjective means first in order of importance:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The Mississippi is the principal river of the United States.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Principal as a noun can mean the head teacher in a school or college: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The teacher sent the unruly student to see the principal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Principal as a noun can also mean the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: She lives off the interest and tries to keep the principal intact.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Principle is a noun which means a basic idea, standard of behaviour or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The country works on the principle that all citizens have equal rights.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;raise vs rise When used as a verb they both have the same general meaning of "to move upwards", the main difference is that rise is an intransitive verb (it does not take an object), while raise is a transitive verb (it requires an object): &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As you can see from these examples, (nobody is pushing up the sun!), whereas (Mary moved her hand upwards/The government make laws to increase taxes). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;rise (v) Something rises by itself &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;The sun rises in the east. &lt;br /&gt;The chairman always rises to the occasion. &lt;br /&gt;I will rise tomorrow morning at 6 a.m. to walk the dog.&lt;br /&gt;Rise is an irregular verb: rise / rose / risen &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;raise (v) Something else is needed to raise something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;Lynne raised her hand. &lt;br /&gt;The government is going to raise taxes. &lt;br /&gt;They can't raise the Titanic.&lt;br /&gt;Raise is a regular verb: raise / raised / raised &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;remember vs remind To remember  v. meaning to be able to bring back a piece of information into your mind, or to keep a piece of information in your memory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- I remember when every home had clotheslines in the back yard or garden. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To remind v. meaning to make someone aware of something they have forgotten or might have forgotten.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- Could you remind me to check the forum? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - If you remind someone of something, then they'll remember it. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;say / said &lt;br /&gt;vs &lt;br /&gt;tell / told Said v. is the past simple and past participle of to say. &lt;br /&gt;It can be used in direct speech:&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I am sorry", said the criminal. &lt;br /&gt;It can be used in indirect (reported) speech (followed by that).&lt;br /&gt;For example: "The criminal said that he was sorry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Said adj. is used before the name of a person or thing you have already mentioned: &lt;br /&gt;For example: "The said party denied the charges" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Told v. is the past simple and past participle of to tell.&lt;br /&gt;It is normally used in reported speech, i.e. it is used to talk about what people say (followed by an object + that:): &lt;br /&gt;For example: I told him that I would be late. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When told has the meaning of "instruct", it can be followed by an object and an infinitive. &lt;br /&gt;For example: He told me to leave. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;to see vs &lt;br /&gt;to watch  To see means to be aware of what is around you by using your eyes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I can see the smoke from here."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To watch means to look at something for a period of time, especially something that is changing or moving.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I watched the cricket."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - We watch things that move, such as TV, a film, sport. We look at static things, such as a photograph, a painting, the stars. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;shortage vs shortness  Shortage is a noun meaning when there is not enough of something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: There is a shortage of skilled workers in the industry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shortness is a also a noun meaning the condition of being short spatially.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Shortness in children and young adults nearly always results from below-average growth in childhood.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;so vs such So when used as in front of an adjective or an adverb means very. &lt;br /&gt;For example: "My English teacher is so patient. She teaches us so well."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Such when used as a determiner can be used in front of a noun or an adjective and a noun to show extremes, you can't use it in front of adverbs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "She is such a patient teacher."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - Remember that without the noun you need to use "so." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;such + a + patient + teacher &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;so + patient &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;stationary vs stationery Stationary means standing still or not moving&lt;br /&gt;For example: "The car was stationary."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stationery means the items needed for writing, such as paper, pens, pencils and envelopes.&lt;br /&gt;For example: "It is the secretary's job to order the stationery?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!'e' is for envelopes 'a' is for automobiles.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;take care &lt;br /&gt;vs&lt;br /&gt;take care of Take care is used when saying goodbye to someone. It actually means "Take care of yourself." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Bye! Take care. "&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Take care of means to look after someone or something:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "You should take care of your new car, it cost a lot of money."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;that, which, who  "Who" (or whom) is a pronoun, and is used as the subject or object of a verb to show which person you are referring to, or to add information about a person just mentioned. It is used for people, not things.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Which" is a pronoun, and is used as the subject or object of a verb to show what thing or things you are referring to, or to add information about the thing just mentioned. It is used for things, not people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"That" is a pronoun, and is used as the subject or object of a verb to show which person or thing you are referring to, or to add information about a person or thing just mentioned. It can be used for people and things. It can sometimes be omitted. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Example:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The girl who was hungry.&lt;br /&gt;The boy whom I talked to. &lt;br /&gt;The dog that wagged its tail.&lt;br /&gt;The software ( that) I wrote.&lt;br /&gt;The company, which / that hired me. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;there, their, they're There can be used as an adjective of place:-&lt;br /&gt;For example: "The car is over there in the car park."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There can also be used as the introductory subject in sentences:-&lt;br /&gt;For example: "There are some grammar pages on this web site." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They're is the a contraction of "they are".&lt;br /&gt;For example: "They're always surfing the Internet." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their is a possessive pronoun like "her" or "our".&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Have they done their homework?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Example: "There's a large family in this town. Look they're over there by their car."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!If you've written "they're," ask yourself whether you can substitute "they are." If not, you've made a mistake. There" has "here" inside it to remind you it refers to a place, while "their" has "heir" buried in it to remind you that it has to do with possession. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;trainee vs trainer  A trainee is a person who is learning and practising the skills of a particular job.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "There is a shortage of trainee dentists in the UK."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A trainer is a person who teaches skills for a particular job, activity or sport. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I like to think of myself as an English trainer, not an English teacher."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;to, too or two? To is the most common form. When to is used before a verb it forms part of the infiinitive:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: to learn, to do, to be, to drink...&lt;br /&gt;"I need to visit the dentist."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To is also a preposition, often used to indicate direction, which begins a prepositional phrase. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: to the limit, to hell and back&lt;br /&gt;Example: "I need to go to the dentist."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Too is an adjective meaning "extra or more than necessary" - after all it has 2 Os - 1 too many?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: too much, too big, too small...&lt;br /&gt;"The film was too long."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Too is also an adjective meaning "also"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: me too&lt;br /&gt;"I thought it was too long, too."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two is a number. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: one, two, three...&lt;br /&gt;"I only drank two pints of beer."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More examples: We went to a football match. (preposition) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We like to watch a good film. (infinitive) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We ate too much. (meaning "excessively") &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I like baseball, too. (meaning "also") &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Six divided by three is two. (number) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They own two cars. (number) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;! Many other words in English which reflect the number two are spelled with tw.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: twin, twice, twenty, between, tweezers, etc. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Try this famous song if you are still confused about to and too!&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;travel, trip voyage or journey? Travel (v) is used in general terms as a verb - it usually means to change location. The word travel is very rarely used as a noun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: I have to travel a lot for work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trip (n) is often substituted for the word 'holiday' when the travelling distance was short.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: How was your trip?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is often used in connection with business.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: I have to travel a lot for work. I am off on another business trip next week.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trip (v) has a totally different meaning. It means to nearly fall over.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: I tripped over the carpet and sprained my ankle.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Voyage (n) is usually a long journey by boat. The word voyage is very rarely used as a verb.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The voyage to South Africa took over six weeks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Journey (n) is used more in British English than American English. It means the 'piece' of travel between 2 or more points. The word journey is very rarely used as a verb.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The journey from Darmstadt to Nottingham takes 12 hours.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;used to vs used to do  Used to can be used as an adjective and we use it to talk about things that have become familiar, and are no longer strange or new. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I am used to mistakes now."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can also be used to doing something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I am used to making mistakes now."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More here &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Used to do - If we say something used to happen we are talking about repeated events and actions in the past, usually things that happened a long time ago and are now finished. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I used to smoke."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More here&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;wander vs wonder Wander (v) means to travel aimlessly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I often wander through the woods, it helps me think."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wonder (v) means to consider or question some issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "People often wonder whether I really run this website alone ."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wonder (n) means the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "The pyramids are a wonder to behold."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - I have it on very good authority that wander and wonder are not homophones. ;) &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;what vs which Which and what are both used in questions:- &lt;br /&gt;What is used to ask a question when there are an unknown number or infinite possibilities for an answer. You know that there are many, many ways that exist to address your question, and you want to find out—from all those possibilities that you might not even know about—the best way. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "What movie did you go to see?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Which is used if you are choosing between two items, already defined, in a different sentence, like this: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Which shoes should I wear with this dress—my blue ones or my black ones?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can use which when you have a very small or limited field to choose from. Certainly use which, not what, when there are only two choices, or if both speaker and listener can visualize all the items under consideration:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Which foot did you break?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Often, either which or what can be used for several choices, depending on what is in the speaker’s mind: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a - "Which bus goes into the centre?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b - "What bus shall I take?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Both sentences are fine. The speaker is probably thinking about fewer buses in sentence (a) than in sentence (b).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;who vs whom  Who is used as the subject of a verb. Basically anytime "I", "she" or "he" 'feels' right, who can be used.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She is the one who built that funny English website.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In questions who is used when asking which person or people did something, or when asking what someone's name is. In fact in informal writing and speech who is used most of the time. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Who is that girl over there?"&lt;br /&gt;"Who let the dogs out?" &lt;br /&gt;"She asked me if I knew who had got the job."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whom is used in formal writing as the object of a verb or preposition. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"He took out a photo of his son, whom he adores."&lt;br /&gt;"There were 500 passengers, of whom 121 drowned."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - Whom is rarely used in questions. For example:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"To whom do you wish to speak?" (This sounds very old-fashioned and stilted.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;! If in doubt, try the “he or him” test:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Try rewriting the sentence using “he or him ”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"He took out a photo of his son, whom he adores." - "He adores he" should 'feel"'wrong. So it must be "He adores him." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you're still not sure, go with who, 99.9% of the time you'll be right. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;wrong vs wrongly Wrong and wrongly are both adverbs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wrong can be used informally instead of wrongly after a verb. In fact it is taking over from the word wrongly. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, when the adverb comes before the verb we use "wrongly".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sean Hodgson was wrongly convicted of murder.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I'm sorry if I've written anything wrong. / I'm sorry if I've written anything wrongly&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Merriam Webster: "The best way to choose between wrong and wrongly is to rely on your own grasp of English idiom. The one that sounds correct, is correct. If they both sound correct then either one may be used."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-3120687645678518338?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/3120687645678518338/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/common-mistakes-and-confusing-words-in_24.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3120687645678518338'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3120687645678518338'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/common-mistakes-and-confusing-words-in_24.html' title='Common Mistakes and Confusing Words in English  P2'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-3912024359554194644</id><published>2009-05-24T07:22:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-24T07:24:04.225-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Common Mistakes and Confusing Words in English  P2</title><content type='html'>Hear vs listen  hear is a verb that means to receive or become aware of a sound using your ears, so you don't have to make an effort in order to just hear something. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She heard a noise outside.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;listen is a verb that means to give attention to someone or something in order to hear them, so you make an make an effort in order to hear something properly. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She listened to the noise and realised it was only a cat. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note! In some circumstances we use hear when we listen to someone or something attentively or officially.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I heard a really interesting speech on the radio this morning.&lt;br /&gt;These people need to be heard. &lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;heroin vs heroine  Heroin is a noun, it is a powerful illegal drug, obtained from morphine and is extremely addictive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "He was arrested for supplying heroin, a class A drug." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Heroine is a female person who is admired for having done something very brave or having achieved something great. The male equivalent is hero. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Grace Darling is one of England's best known heroines."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Elfish  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;he's vs his He's is the short form of 'he is' or 'he has'. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: " Don't be scared - he's very friendly." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His is a possesive pronoun, it is used to show something belonging to or connected with a man, boy or male animal that has just been mentioned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: " Mark just phoned to say he'd left his coat behind. Do you know if this is his?" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See the grammar pages for more information on possessive pronouns. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;holiday vs weekend  A holiday (noun), a time, often one or two weeks, when someone does not go to work or school but is free to do what they want, such as travel or relax. You usually have to book your holiday with your boss. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Where are you going on holiday this year? Somewhere nice I hope." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The weekend (noun) - the time from Saturday and Sunday, or Friday evening until Sunday night. It's the part of the week in which most paid workers living in the West do not go to work. It is a time for leisure and recreation, and/or for religious activities. ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "What are you doing this weekend? Anything nice?" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For 111wing on the forum.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;homework vs housework  Homework (noun) - refers to tasks assigned to students by teachers to be completed mostly outside of class, and derives its name from the fact that most students do the majority of such work at home. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "A lot of students in the UK get too much homework." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Housework (noun) - refers to domestic household chores such as cleaning and cooking.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I never seem to have enough time to do the housework. There's always something that needs dusting or polishing." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Sovime on the forum.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;"How do you do?"&lt;br /&gt;vs&lt;br /&gt;"How are you?"&lt;br /&gt; If I had a Euro for every time someone got this one wrong - I'd be a rich bunny!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How do you do?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is not a question. It is another, very formal way of saying "Hello." It is also very British.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The correct response is; "Pleased to meet you." or "How do you do." or just "Hello."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We only really use it the first time we meet someone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How are you?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is a question. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A polite response is; "I'm fine thanks. And you?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For more on this topic see here.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;I vs me  Usually we choose the correct form by instinct. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example;-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am a teacher. (not me) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Give that to me. (not I) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are other times when people make mistakes with these two pronouns. I/me is difficult when it is coupled with another pronoun or with a noun. This is when you have to think about the subject/object in a sentence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example;-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"It was I who did the homework," or "It was me who did the homework." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Make the statement simpler:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I did the homework." so "It was I who did the homework," is correct. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The teacher gave the homework to my friend and me. (Not I) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!If you don't understand why the above sentence is correct, simplify the sentence again. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deal with the two people separately.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The teacher gave the homework to my friend. &lt;br /&gt;+&lt;br /&gt;The teacher gave the homework to me. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;= The teacher gave the homework to my friend and me.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;interested vs interesting  Interested is a past participle. When used as an adjective it says how someone feels. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I was very interested in the lesson." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Interesting is a present participle. When used as an adjective it describes the people or things that cause the feelings. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "It was an interesting lesson ."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;lay vs lie  Lay is an irregular transitive verb (lay / laid/ laid - laying). It needs a direct object. It means to put something or someone down (often in a horizontal postion).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Lay your head on the pillow." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lie is an irregular intransitive verb (lie / lay / lain - lying). It does not take a direct object. It means to rest in a horizontal position1 or to be located somewhere2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "If you are tired lie here and have a rest."1 &lt;br /&gt;"Nottingham lies in the Midlands."2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Lie also means to say something that isn't true but it takes the following form (lie / lied / lied - lying). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;lay down vs lie down  Lay down has several different meanings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you lay something down it can mean you officially establish a rule, or officially state the way in which something should be done.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please follow the rules laid down by the administrator.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you lay something down your weapons it means you stop fighting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They laid down their guns and surrendered.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you lay wine down it means you are storing it for drinking in the future.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I laid down this bottle in 1998, it should be perfect for drinking now. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lie down means to move into a position in which your body is flat, usually in order to sleep or rest.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "If you are tired lie down and have a rest."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;look after vs look for  To look after; means to take care of or be in charge of something or someone. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I often ask my mother to look after the children." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To look for; means to try to find something or someone. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I am looking for my keys. Have you seen them?"&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;look at vs watch In this context look is usually followed by the preposition at. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you look at someone or something you are interested in the appearance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generally we look at things that are static.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Look at these photos, they're really good.&lt;br /&gt;I went to the art gallery to look at the exhibition of paintings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Watch is a verb.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you watch someone or something you are interested in what happens.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generally we watch things that move or change state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I watch TV every night.&lt;br /&gt;The security guard watched the shoplifter steal the clock.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!If I say to you "Look at him!" I mean for you to check out his appearance. But, if I say to you "Watch him!" I mean it as a warning.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;look forward / forwards vs look forward to If you look forward / forwards it simply means you are looking ahead of you. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Look forward to is a phrasal verb. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you look forward to something, you feel happy and excited about something that is going to happen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I always look forward to seeing my family and friends when I travel to England. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Hermine  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;look over vs overlook  Look over is a phrasal verb. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you look over something or someone you quickly examine it or them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I asked my teacher to look over what I had written.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Overlook is a verb.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you overlook someone or something you fail to notice or consider it or them.:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I think my teacher overlooked some of my mistakes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Look over is two separate words, overlook is one word. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;loose vs lose  Loose is an adjective. If something isn't fixed properly or it doesn't fit, because it's too large, it's loose.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My headphones weren't working, because a wire was loose.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lose is a verb that means to no longer possess something because you do not know where it is, or because it has been taken away from you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A lot of people will lose their job if there is a recession. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;nor vs &lt;br /&gt;or  nor (conjunction) nor is always used in the negative, usually before the second or last of a set of negative possibilities, after 'neither'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: He drinks neither wine nor beer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;or (conjunction) or is used to connect different possibilities. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Is it Tuesday or Wednesday today? &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;me vs my  As in I vs me we usually choose the correct form by instinct. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Me is used as the object of a verb or preposition. You use me to refer to yourself.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In short answers, we usually use this form.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Knock at the door - "Who's there?" ~ "It's me!" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I want to buy that new DVD." ~ "Me too!" &lt;br /&gt;My is a possessive adjective.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My mother loves me. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now consider the following sentences:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I'm going to me and Margaret's room." or "I'm going to my and Margaret's room." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Which is correct? Me or my? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Simplify the sentence by removing the second person:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I'm going to my room." So, "I'm going to my and Margaret's room," is correct. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A real point of confusion arises when considering the use of "my" or "me" as the "subject" of a gerund. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The teacher didn't like me telling jokes in class. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The teacher didn't like my telling jokes in class.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But which is correct? Well they both are - sort of, but the use of the possessive, "my telling jokes in class " serves to isolate the telling of jokes as the object of my teacher's anger. It's hopefully not "me" at whom she/he has become upset, but the telling of jokes. In the sentence, "me telling jokes in class", it might seem as though the teacher doesn't like me personally. The rule is that the subject of a gerund is supposed to be in the possessive case. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Remember though that this is a purists view. Both are now becoming acceptable through common usage. However, you can avoid any confusion by writing the sentence in a different way:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The teacher didn't like the way I told jokes in class."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;moan vs mourn Moan as a verb, means to make a complaint in an unhappy voice, usually about something which does not seem important to other people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The British always moan about the weather.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mourn is a verb that means to feel or express great sadness, especially because of someone's death.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many people in the UK mourned the death of Princess Diana.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Xeb &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;most vs the most  Most without an article is usually used as an adjective, which means almost all. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They ate most of the cake. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most days I go for a jog. &lt;br /&gt;It's also used to form the superlative where it goes in front of most adverbs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He objected to the results of the election most strongly. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The most is usually used to form the superlative where it goes in front of longer adjectives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Miss World competition is held every year to find the most beautiful woman in the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - This is only a general rule - as ever there are exceptions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;most vs mostly  Most without an article is usually used as an adjective, which means almost all or the largest part. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most days I go for a jog. &lt;br /&gt;They ate most of the cake. &lt;br /&gt;It's also used to form the superlative where it goes in front of most adverbs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He objected to the results of the election most strongly. &lt;br /&gt;Mostly is an adverb. It's not used very often. It means generally, mainly, chiefly, usually etc. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They're mostly good people, although they have made a few mistakes. &lt;br /&gt;For Hermine &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;overtake vs takeover / take over  Overtake is a verb. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It can mean to go beyond something by being better, or if you're driving to come from behind another vehicle or a person and move in front of it. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: You should always check your rear view mirror before you overtake another car.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Takeover as a noun is used when one organisation gains control of a company by buying most of its shares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: In September 2006 Merck announced their takeover of Serono SA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Take over as a phrasal verb means to get control of a company by buying most of its shares. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Merck finally took Serono over in 2007. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;personal vs personnel Personal is an adjective. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It can mean relating to or belonging to someone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Your personal belongings are the things that belong to you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It can relate to the private parts of someone's life, including their relationships and feelings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: If you have personal problems, it means you have problems that are private and sensitive to you. Perhaps problems in a relationship.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It can also mean something that is designed for or used by one person.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: a personal computer or stereo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And it can relate to your body&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: when talk about personal hygiene.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!If you are rude about or offensive towards someone it could be said that you are being personal. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Personnel is a noun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The people who work for an organisation are the personnel. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: military personnel are the members of an army.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The department of an organisation that deals with finding people to work there, keeping records about them, etc is the Personnel Department. The head of that department is the personnel manager.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I need to speak to someone in Personnel."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Many businesses have renamed their Personnel Department to 'The Human Resources Department' or HRD for short.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;practice vs practise Practice is a noun&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: We need to put these ideas into practice.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Practise is a verb&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: To learn English well you have to practise.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - This is only true in British English. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - Often in British English the noun form ends in ...ice and the verb form ends in ...ise. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;precede vs proceed  Precede is a verb that means to be or to go before something or someone in time or space.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Ecological extinction caused by overfishing precedes other human disturbance to coastal ecosystems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Proceed is a verb that means to continue as planned. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The government has decided not to proceed with the legislation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thanks to Komala.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;principal vs principle  Principal as an adjective means first in order of importance:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The Mississippi is the principal river of the United States.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Principal as a noun can mean the head teacher in a school or college: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The teacher sent the unruly student to see the principal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Principal as a noun can also mean the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: She lives off the interest and tries to keep the principal intact.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Principle is a noun which means a basic idea, standard of behaviour or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The country works on the principle that all citizens have equal rights.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;raise vs rise When used as a verb they both have the same general meaning of "to move upwards", the main difference is that rise is an intransitive verb (it does not take an object), while raise is a transitive verb (it requires an object): &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As you can see from these examples, (nobody is pushing up the sun!), whereas (Mary moved her hand upwards/The government make laws to increase taxes). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;rise (v) Something rises by itself &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;The sun rises in the east. &lt;br /&gt;The chairman always rises to the occasion. &lt;br /&gt;I will rise tomorrow morning at 6 a.m. to walk the dog.&lt;br /&gt;Rise is an irregular verb: rise / rose / risen &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;raise (v) Something else is needed to raise something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;Lynne raised her hand. &lt;br /&gt;The government is going to raise taxes. &lt;br /&gt;They can't raise the Titanic.&lt;br /&gt;Raise is a regular verb: raise / raised / raised &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;remember vs remind To remember  v. meaning to be able to bring back a piece of information into your mind, or to keep a piece of information in your memory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- I remember when every home had clotheslines in the back yard or garden. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To remind v. meaning to make someone aware of something they have forgotten or might have forgotten.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- Could you remind me to check the forum? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - If you remind someone of something, then they'll remember it. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;say / said &lt;br /&gt;vs &lt;br /&gt;tell / told Said v. is the past simple and past participle of to say. &lt;br /&gt;It can be used in direct speech:&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I am sorry", said the criminal. &lt;br /&gt;It can be used in indirect (reported) speech (followed by that).&lt;br /&gt;For example: "The criminal said that he was sorry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Said adj. is used before the name of a person or thing you have already mentioned: &lt;br /&gt;For example: "The said party denied the charges" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Told v. is the past simple and past participle of to tell.&lt;br /&gt;It is normally used in reported speech, i.e. it is used to talk about what people say (followed by an object + that:): &lt;br /&gt;For example: I told him that I would be late. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When told has the meaning of "instruct", it can be followed by an object and an infinitive. &lt;br /&gt;For example: He told me to leave. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;to see vs &lt;br /&gt;to watch  To see means to be aware of what is around you by using your eyes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I can see the smoke from here."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To watch means to look at something for a period of time, especially something that is changing or moving.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I watched the cricket."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - We watch things that move, such as TV, a film, sport. We look at static things, such as a photograph, a painting, the stars. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;shortage vs shortness  Shortage is a noun meaning when there is not enough of something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: There is a shortage of skilled workers in the industry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shortness is a also a noun meaning the condition of being short spatially.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Shortness in children and young adults nearly always results from below-average growth in childhood.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;so vs such So when used as in front of an adjective or an adverb means very. &lt;br /&gt;For example: "My English teacher is so patient. She teaches us so well."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Such when used as a determiner can be used in front of a noun or an adjective and a noun to show extremes, you can't use it in front of adverbs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "She is such a patient teacher."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - Remember that without the noun you need to use "so." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;such + a + patient + teacher &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;so + patient &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;stationary vs stationery Stationary means standing still or not moving&lt;br /&gt;For example: "The car was stationary."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stationery means the items needed for writing, such as paper, pens, pencils and envelopes.&lt;br /&gt;For example: "It is the secretary's job to order the stationery?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!'e' is for envelopes 'a' is for automobiles.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;take care &lt;br /&gt;vs&lt;br /&gt;take care of Take care is used when saying goodbye to someone. It actually means "Take care of yourself." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Bye! Take care. "&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Take care of means to look after someone or something:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "You should take care of your new car, it cost a lot of money."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;that, which, who  "Who" (or whom) is a pronoun, and is used as the subject or object of a verb to show which person you are referring to, or to add information about a person just mentioned. It is used for people, not things.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Which" is a pronoun, and is used as the subject or object of a verb to show what thing or things you are referring to, or to add information about the thing just mentioned. It is used for things, not people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"That" is a pronoun, and is used as the subject or object of a verb to show which person or thing you are referring to, or to add information about a person or thing just mentioned. It can be used for people and things. It can sometimes be omitted. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Example:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The girl who was hungry.&lt;br /&gt;The boy whom I talked to. &lt;br /&gt;The dog that wagged its tail.&lt;br /&gt;The software ( that) I wrote.&lt;br /&gt;The company, which / that hired me. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;there, their, they're There can be used as an adjective of place:-&lt;br /&gt;For example: "The car is over there in the car park."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There can also be used as the introductory subject in sentences:-&lt;br /&gt;For example: "There are some grammar pages on this web site." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They're is the a contraction of "they are".&lt;br /&gt;For example: "They're always surfing the Internet." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their is a possessive pronoun like "her" or "our".&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Have they done their homework?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Example: "There's a large family in this town. Look they're over there by their car."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!If you've written "they're," ask yourself whether you can substitute "they are." If not, you've made a mistake. There" has "here" inside it to remind you it refers to a place, while "their" has "heir" buried in it to remind you that it has to do with possession. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;trainee vs trainer  A trainee is a person who is learning and practising the skills of a particular job.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "There is a shortage of trainee dentists in the UK."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A trainer is a person who teaches skills for a particular job, activity or sport. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I like to think of myself as an English trainer, not an English teacher."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;to, too or two? To is the most common form. When to is used before a verb it forms part of the infiinitive:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: to learn, to do, to be, to drink...&lt;br /&gt;"I need to visit the dentist."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To is also a preposition, often used to indicate direction, which begins a prepositional phrase. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: to the limit, to hell and back&lt;br /&gt;Example: "I need to go to the dentist."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Too is an adjective meaning "extra or more than necessary" - after all it has 2 Os - 1 too many?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: too much, too big, too small...&lt;br /&gt;"The film was too long."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Too is also an adjective meaning "also"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: me too&lt;br /&gt;"I thought it was too long, too."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two is a number. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: one, two, three...&lt;br /&gt;"I only drank two pints of beer."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More examples: We went to a football match. (preposition) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We like to watch a good film. (infinitive) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We ate too much. (meaning "excessively") &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I like baseball, too. (meaning "also") &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Six divided by three is two. (number) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They own two cars. (number) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;! Many other words in English which reflect the number two are spelled with tw.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: twin, twice, twenty, between, tweezers, etc. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Try this famous song if you are still confused about to and too!&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;travel, trip voyage or journey? Travel (v) is used in general terms as a verb - it usually means to change location. The word travel is very rarely used as a noun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: I have to travel a lot for work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trip (n) is often substituted for the word 'holiday' when the travelling distance was short.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: How was your trip?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is often used in connection with business.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: I have to travel a lot for work. I am off on another business trip next week.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trip (v) has a totally different meaning. It means to nearly fall over.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: I tripped over the carpet and sprained my ankle.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Voyage (n) is usually a long journey by boat. The word voyage is very rarely used as a verb.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The voyage to South Africa took over six weeks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Journey (n) is used more in British English than American English. It means the 'piece' of travel between 2 or more points. The word journey is very rarely used as a verb.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The journey from Darmstadt to Nottingham takes 12 hours.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;used to vs used to do  Used to can be used as an adjective and we use it to talk about things that have become familiar, and are no longer strange or new. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I am used to mistakes now."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can also be used to doing something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I am used to making mistakes now."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More here &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Used to do - If we say something used to happen we are talking about repeated events and actions in the past, usually things that happened a long time ago and are now finished. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I used to smoke."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More here&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;wander vs wonder Wander (v) means to travel aimlessly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I often wander through the woods, it helps me think."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wonder (v) means to consider or question some issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "People often wonder whether I really run this website alone ."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wonder (n) means the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "The pyramids are a wonder to behold."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - I have it on very good authority that wander and wonder are not homophones. ;) &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;what vs which Which and what are both used in questions:- &lt;br /&gt;What is used to ask a question when there are an unknown number or infinite possibilities for an answer. You know that there are many, many ways that exist to address your question, and you want to find out—from all those possibilities that you might not even know about—the best way. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "What movie did you go to see?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Which is used if you are choosing between two items, already defined, in a different sentence, like this: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Which shoes should I wear with this dress—my blue ones or my black ones?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can use which when you have a very small or limited field to choose from. Certainly use which, not what, when there are only two choices, or if both speaker and listener can visualize all the items under consideration:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Which foot did you break?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Often, either which or what can be used for several choices, depending on what is in the speaker’s mind: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a - "Which bus goes into the centre?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b - "What bus shall I take?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Both sentences are fine. The speaker is probably thinking about fewer buses in sentence (a) than in sentence (b).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;who vs whom  Who is used as the subject of a verb. Basically anytime "I", "she" or "he" 'feels' right, who can be used.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She is the one who built that funny English website.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In questions who is used when asking which person or people did something, or when asking what someone's name is. In fact in informal writing and speech who is used most of the time. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Who is that girl over there?"&lt;br /&gt;"Who let the dogs out?" &lt;br /&gt;"She asked me if I knew who had got the job."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whom is used in formal writing as the object of a verb or preposition. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"He took out a photo of his son, whom he adores."&lt;br /&gt;"There were 500 passengers, of whom 121 drowned."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - Whom is rarely used in questions. For example:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"To whom do you wish to speak?" (This sounds very old-fashioned and stilted.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;! If in doubt, try the “he or him” test:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Try rewriting the sentence using “he or him ”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"He took out a photo of his son, whom he adores." - "He adores he" should 'feel"'wrong. So it must be "He adores him." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you're still not sure, go with who, 99.9% of the time you'll be right. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;wrong vs wrongly Wrong and wrongly are both adverbs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wrong can be used informally instead of wrongly after a verb. In fact it is taking over from the word wrongly. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, when the adverb comes before the verb we use "wrongly".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sean Hodgson was wrongly convicted of murder.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I'm sorry if I've written anything wrong. / I'm sorry if I've written anything wrongly&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Merriam Webster: "The best way to choose between wrong and wrongly is to rely on your own grasp of English idiom. The one that sounds correct, is correct. If they both sound correct then either one may be used."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-3912024359554194644?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/3912024359554194644/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/common-mistakes-and-confusing-words-in_5213.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3912024359554194644'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3912024359554194644'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/common-mistakes-and-confusing-words-in_5213.html' title='Common Mistakes and Confusing Words in English  P2'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-1364914303415204862</id><published>2009-05-24T07:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-24T07:21:58.323-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Common Mistakes and Confusing Words in English  P1</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;f you want the definition of any of the words below just double click on the word.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;English can be confusing. A lot of words are similar but with different meanings. It is almost impossible to avoid making mistakes in English, but you might be able to avoid making these ones. &lt;br /&gt;accept vs except  Accept is a verb, which means to agree to take something .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I always accept good advice." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Except is a preposition or conjunction, which means not including. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I teach every day except Sunday(s)."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;advice vs advise  Advice is a noun, which means an opinion that someone offers you about what you should do or how you should act in a particular situation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I need someone to give me some advice." &lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Advise is a verb, which means to give information and suggest types of action.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I advise everybody to be nice to their teacher." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Often in English the noun form ends in ...ice and the verb form ends in ...ise. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;affect vs effect Affect and effect are two words that are commonly confused.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;affect is usually a verb (action) - effect is usually a noun (thing)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hint: If it's something you're going to do, use "affect." If it's something you've already done, use "effect."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To affect something or someone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meaning: to influence, act upon, or change something or someone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The noise outside affected my performance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To have an effect on something or someone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note: effect is followed by the preposition on and preceded by an article (an, the)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meaning: to have an impact on something or someone. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: His smile had a strange effect on me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Effect can also mean "the end result".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The drug has many adverse side effects.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;all right vs alright  All right has multiple meanings. It can mean ok, acceptable, unhurt. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The single word spelling alright has never been accepted as standard.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However in a search on Google you'll get around 68,700,000 hits for alright and 163,000,000 for "all right". So, it might become a respected alternative spelling. Personally I have no problem with it, but what do other people think:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kingsley Amis The King's English 1997: "I still feel that to inscribe alright is gross, crass, coarse and to be avoided, and I now say so. Its interdiction is as pure an example as possible of a rule without a reason, and in my case may well show nothing but how tenacious a hold early training can take." &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Bill Bryson Troublesome Words 1997: "A good case could be made for shortening all right to alright. ... English, however, is a fickle tongue and alright continues to be looked on as illiterate and unacceptable and consequently it ought never to appear in serious writing." &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Robert Burchfield The New Fowler's Modern English Usage 1997: "Alright ... is the demotic form. It is preferred, to judge from the evidence I have assembled, by popular sources like the British magazines The Face ... New Musical Express and Sounds, the American magazine Black World, the Australian journal Southerly, the Socialist Worker, by popular singers ... and hardly ever by writers of standing ... It is commonplace in private correspondence, especially in that of the moderately educated young. Almost all other printed works in Britain and abroad use the more traditional form ... "  &lt;br /&gt;(At which point in there did you first get the urge to smack him?) &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Graham King The Times Writer's Guide 2001: If we accept already, altogether and almost, why not alright? Although it carries with it the whiff of grammatical illegitimacy it is and has been in common use for a century ..."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;alone / lonely  Alone, can be used as an adjective or adverb. Either use means without other people or on your own.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "He likes living alone."&lt;br /&gt;"I think we're alone now." = There are just the two of us here.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lonely is an adjective which means you are unhappy because you are not with other people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "The house feels lonely now that all the children have left home." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - Just because you're alone, doesn't mean you're lonely. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;a lot / alot / allot  A lot, meaning a large amount or number of people or things, can be used to modify a noun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I need a lot of time to develop this web site." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It can also be used as an adverb, meaning very much or very often. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I look a lot like my sister."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has become a common term in speech; and is increasingly used in writing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alot does not exist! There is no such word in the English language. If you write it this way - imagine me shouting at you - "No Such Word!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Allot is a verb, which means to give (especially a share of something) for a particular purpose:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "We were allotted a desk each." &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;all ready vs already  All ready means "completely ready".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Are you all ready for the test?" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alreadyis an adverb that means before the present time or earlier than the time expected.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I asked him to come to the cinema but he'd already seen the film."&lt;br /&gt;Or&lt;br /&gt;"Are you buying Christmas cards already? It's only September!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;altogether vs &lt;br /&gt;all together All together (adv) means "together in a single group."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The waiter asked if we were all together. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Altogether (adv) means "completely" or "in total ". &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: She wrote less and less often, and eventually she stopped altogether. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!To be in the altogether is an old-fashioned term for being naked! &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;any one vs anyone Any one means any single person or thing out of a group of people or things.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I can recommend any one of the books on this site.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anyone means any person. It's always written as one word.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Did anyone see that UFO?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;any vs some Any and some are both determiners. They are used to talk about indefinite quantities or numbers, when the exact quantity or number is not important. As a general rule we use some for positive statements, and any for questions and negative statements,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I asked the barman if he could get me some sparkling water. I said, "Excuse me, have you got any sparkling water?" Unfortunately they didn't have any. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - You will sometimes see some in questions and any in positive statements. When making an offer, or a request, in order to encourage the person we are speaking to to say "Yes", you can use some in a question: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Would you mind fetching some gummy bears while you're at the shops? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can also use any in a positive statement if it comes after a word whose meaning is negative or limiting: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;A. She gave me some bad advice.&lt;br /&gt;B. Really? She rarely gives any bad advice. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;apart vs &lt;br /&gt;a part Apart (adv) separated by distance or time. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: I always feel so lonely when we're apart. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A part (noun) a piece of something that forms the whole of something. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: They made me feel like I was a part of the family.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;been vs gone been is the past participle of be &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;gone is the past participle of go &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Been is used to describe completed visits. So if you have been to England twice, you have travelled there and back twice. If you have gone to England, you have not yet returned. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;! Now you've been and gone and done it! &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;beside vs besides&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thanks to Dheepa Arun  beside is a preposition of place that means at the side of or next to.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The house was beside the Thames. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;besides is an adverb or preposition. It means in addition to or also. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Besides water, we carried some fruit. = "In addition to water, we carried some fruit." &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;bored vs boring bored is an adjective that describes when someone feels tired and unhappy because something is not interesting or because they have nothing to do.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: She was so bored that she fell asleep. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;boring is an adjective that means something is not interesting or exciting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The lesson was so boring that she fell asleep. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note Most verbs which express emotions, such as to bore , may use either the present or the past participle as an adjective, but the meaning of the participles is often different. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;borrow vs lend To lend:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meaning: to hand out usually for a certain length of time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Banks lend money.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Libraries lend books.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "My mother lent me some money, and I must pay her back soon."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To borrow:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meaning: to take with permission usually for a certain length of time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can borrow money from a bank to buy a house or a car.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can borrow books for up to 4 weeks from libraries in England.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I borrowed some money off my mother, and I must pay her back soon."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;! For a happy life - Never a borrower nor a lender be.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;bought vs brought bought past tense of the verb to buy&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I bought a newspaper at the newsagents. "&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;brought past tense of the verb to bring&lt;br /&gt;For example: "She brought her homework to the lesson."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!There is an 'r' in brought and an 'r' in bring = they belong together.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;by vs until Both until and by indicate “any time before, but not later than.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Until tells us how long a situation continues. If something happens until a particular time, you stop doing it at that time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They lived in a small house until September 2003. &lt;br /&gt;(They stopped living there in September.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I will be away until Wednesday.&lt;br /&gt;(I will be back on Wednesday.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We also use until in negative sentences.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Details will not be available until January.&lt;br /&gt;(January is the earliest you can expect to receive the details.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If something happens by a particular time, it happens at or before that time. It is often used to indicate a deadline.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You have to finish by August 31. &lt;br /&gt;(August 31 is the last day you can finish; you may finish before this date.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We also use by when asking questions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Will the details be available by December?&lt;br /&gt;(This asks if they will be ready no later than December.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;check (v) &lt;br /&gt;vs &lt;br /&gt;control (v)  To check means to examine. To make certain that something or someone is correct, safe or suitable by examining it or them quickly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "You should always check your oil, water and tyres before taking your car on a long trip." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To control means to order, limit, instruct or rule something, or someone's actions or behaviour.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "If you can't control your dog, put it on a lead!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What you shouldn't do is use the verb control in association with people and the work they do. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I check my students' homework, but I can't control what they do!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Business English there is often a lot of confusion because of the term control in accounting. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In most organizations the controller is the top managerial and financial accountant. The controller supervises the accounting department and assists management in interpreting and utilizing managerial accounting information.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;come over (v) vs overcome (n)  Come over is a phrasal verb, that can mean several things.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To move from one place to another, or move towards someone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Come over here."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To seem to be a particular type of person.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Politicians often come over as arrogant."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To be influenced suddenly and unexpectedly by a strange feeling.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Don't stand up too quickly or you may come over dizzy."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Overcome is a verb, which means to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Using technology can help many people overcome any disabilities they might have." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Snehalmahalle &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;complement (v) vs compliment (n)  Complement is a verb, which means to make something seem better or more attractive when combined. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "The colours blue and green complement each other perfectly." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Compliment is a noun, which means a remark that expresses approval, admiration or respect.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "It was the nicest compliment anyone had ever paid me."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tip! Having problems with your spelling? Try these mnemonics:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If it complements something it completes it. (With an e.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I like compliments. (With an i.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thanks to Georgiy Pruss for pointing out my mistake.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;concentrate vs &lt;br /&gt;concentrated The verb - When you concentrate you direct all your efforts towards a particular activity, subject or problem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: You need to concentrate harder when you listen to something in another language. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The adjective - If something is concentrated it means it has had some liquid removed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: I prefer freshly squeezed orange juice to concentrated. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note The simple past of "to concentrate" is "concentrated" this is where the confusion may arise. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: She concentrated very hard in the exam. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;council vs counsel  Council  is a group noun. It refers to a group of people elected or chosen to make decisions or give advice on a particular subject, to represent a particular group of people, or to run a particular organization.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "The local council has decided not to allocate any more funds for the project." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Counsel can be a verb, which means to give advice, especially on social or personal problems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "She counsels the long-term unemployed on how to get a job."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Counsel can also be a noun, which means advice.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I should have listened to my father's counsel, and saved some money instead of spending it all."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thanks to Daniel Hugo &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;councillor vs counsellor  Councillor  is a noun which means an elected member of a local government. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "He was elected to be a councillor in 1998." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Counsellor is a noun, which means someone who is trained to listen to people and give them advice about their problems. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "The student union now employs a counsellor to help students with both personal and work-related problems."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thanks to Daniel Hugo &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;data vs datum This isn't so much a common mistake as a common cause for arguments (as is often the case with words of Latin origin).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The dictionaries treat data as a group noun, meaning information, especially facts or numbers, collected for examination and consideration and used to help decision-making, or meaning information in an electronic form that can be stored and processed by a computer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then they go on to confuse matters by giving the following kind of example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The data was/were reviewed before publishing. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, which is it, was or were? Strictly speaking 'datum' is the singular form of and 'data' is the the plural form.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you're writing for an academic audience, particularly in the sciences, "data" takes a plural verb. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The data are correct. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But most people treat 'data' as a singular noun, especially when talking about computers etc. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The data is being transferred from my computer to yours. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;decent vs descent  Decent is an adjective meaning socially acceptable or good.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Everyone should be entitled to a decent standard of living.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Descent is a noun which can mean a movement downwards, or your ancestry.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The plane began its final descent prior to landing. / "She found out that she was of Welsh descent." &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;discreet vs discrete  Discreet is an adjective. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means to be careful or modest, not to cause embarrassment or attract too much attention, especially by keeping something secret.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: To work for the royal family you have to be very discreet. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See it in action. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Discrete is an adjective.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It means something is distinct and separate or has a clear independent shape or form.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: She painted using strong colours, discrete shapes, and rhythmic patterns.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See it in action. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As requested by Curls Diva  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;don't have to vs mustn't  Don't have to = Do not have to We have to use don't have to to say that there is no obligation or necessity to do something.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "You don't have to do the exercises at the end of this page."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mustn't = must not is a modal verb used to show that something is not allowed. When you use mustn't you are telling people not to do things. It has the same force as don't , as in: Don't do that! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "You mustn't drink if you're going to drive."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;downside vs underside  Downside is a noun that means the disadvantage of a situation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "One of the downsides of living in London, of course, is that it is very expensive."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Underside is a noun that means the side of something that is usually nearest the ground.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "Look at the underside of your iMac display. If you see an Ambient Light Sensor, you have a second generation iMac G5."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;driving test vs test drive A driving test (also known as a driving exam) is a procedure designed to test a person's ability to drive a motor vehicle. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A test drive is when you drive an automobile to assess it, usually before buying it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - you need to have passed your driving test in order to take a test drive.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;e.g vs i.e e.g. stands for exempli gratia = for example.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I like fast cars, e.g. Ferrari and Porche"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the sentence above you are simply giving an example of the kinds of cars you like - Ferraris and Porches. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i.e. stands for id est = that is (in explanation).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: "I like fast cars, i.e. any car that can go over 150mph." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this second sentence you are giving an explanation of what you consider to be fast.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;either vs as well / too Either is used with a negative verb when you are agreeing with something someone doesn't do or like etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- B agrees with A in the negative&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A - "I don't like cheese." B - "I don't like it either." &lt;br /&gt;A- "I haven't seen Lord of the Rings." B - "I haven't seen it either."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As well / Too are used with an affirmative verb when you are agreeing with something someone does or likes etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:- B agrees with A in the positive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A - "I love ice cream." B - "I love it too." / "I love it as well."&lt;br /&gt;A- "I've seen Gladiator." B - "I've seen it too." / " I've seen it as well."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;every day vs everyday Every day - here every is a determiner and day is a noun. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you say every day you mean each day without exception. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: You have been late for school every day this week. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Everyday is an adjective. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you say everyday you mean ordinary, unremarkable. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: My culture pages offer an insight into the everyday life of Britain. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;excited vs exciting Excited is an adjective that describes when someone feels happy and enthusiastic about something. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: She was so excited that she couldn't sleep. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Exciting is an adjective that means something is making you excited. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: The football match was so exciting that she couldn't wait to tell everyone about it. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;expand vs expend Expand is a transitive or intransitive verb. It means to increase in size, number or importance, or to make something increase.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Jarp is expanding his vocabulary on the forum, but Hermine's hips are expanding as well. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Expend is a transitive verb. It means to use or spend something (especially time, effort or money). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: She is expending a lot of effort to help her students. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Jarp  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;experience vs experience(s) Experience can be an uncountable noun. You use it when you're talking about knowledge or skill which is obtained from doing, seeing or feeling things.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: Do you have any experience of working internationally? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Experience(s) can be a countable noun. You use it when you are talking about a particular incident or incidents that affect you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: It was interesting hearing about his experiences during the war. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Experience can also be a verb. It means something that happens to you, or something you feel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: When I first moved to Germany I experienced a lot of problems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thanks to Ngoc Khanh &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;fewer vs less  Everyone gets this wrong - including native speakers. The general rule is to use fewer for things you can count (individually), and less for things you can only measure &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There were fewer days below freezing last winter. (Days can be counted.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I drink less coffee than she does. (Coffee cannot be counted individually it has to be measured). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;!Note - "Less" has to do with how much. "Fewer" has to do with how many. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More about fewer and less.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See the grammar pages for more information on countable/uncountable nouns. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;for vs since  The prepositions for and since are often used with time expressions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For indicates a period of time. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have been working here for 2 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since indicates a point in time. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have been working here since the year before last. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See the grammar pages for more information on prepositions of time. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;good vs well  Good is an adjective. We use good when we want to give more information about a noun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My dog Sam is very good. He's a good dog. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She didn't speak very good English. Her English isn't very good. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Well is usually used as an adverb. We use well when we want to give more information about a verb. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He usually behaves very well. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She didn't speak English very well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note! The exception to this can be when you talk about someone's health:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She wasn't a well woman. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;and when you describe sensations: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This pizza tastes/smells/ looks good. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you say "You look good." It means they look attractive. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you say "You look well." It means they look healthy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note! Younger people might reply to the question "How are you?" with "I'm good." This is what I call MTV English.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;hard vs hardly  Hard is an adjective. It can mean solid, industrious, or difficult. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Heating the clay makes it hard (solid) .&lt;br /&gt;She is a hard (industrious) worker.&lt;br /&gt;It was a hard (difficult) test. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hardly is an adverb and means only just or certainly not.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example:-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The teacher spoke so quietly I could hardly (only just) hear her.&lt;br /&gt;You can hardly (certainly not) expect me to do the test for you!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Zorule  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-1364914303415204862?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/1364914303415204862/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/common-mistakes-and-confusing-words-in.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1364914303415204862'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1364914303415204862'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/common-mistakes-and-confusing-words-in.html' title='Common Mistakes and Confusing Words in English  P1'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-3225544332724759033</id><published>2009-05-23T17:18:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-23T17:20:11.114-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>The stuff you need to know about stuff!</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;ost of the time, when we say stuff we mean things. For example: "I left all of my stuff in my car" - I left all of my things/possessions in my car. This word is used both in American and British English. Here are some other common expressions using stuff:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I've got some stuff to do at home." Meaning: I have work that I have to do at home. (Probably housework).&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The new guy in my office is hot stuff." Meaning: The new guy is sexually attractive."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShiSjDfAPaI/AAAAAAAABjA/cnfYpCkHCZ8/s1600-h/1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 370px; height: 258px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShiSjDfAPaI/AAAAAAAABjA/cnfYpCkHCZ8/s400/1.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5339178489176145314" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Don't sweat the small stuff." Meaning: Don't worry about issues that are not important. (More common in American English).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Her life was the stuff of legends." Meaning: She had an amazing life. The kind of life that you read about in books or see in films.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Ask Julia to explain it to you. She really knows her stuff." Meaning: She has a lot of knowledge/skill about a topic.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I cleaned my room because my mum said there was stuff everywhere." Meaning: There were things everywhere - it was untidy/messy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When used as a verb, stuff means fill or to eat a lot:&lt;br /&gt;Fill: "I  just about had enough time to stuff some clothes into my bag and then leave."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eat a lot: "I stuffed myself with pizza last night while watching a movie."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stuff when used as an adjective stuffed means full:&lt;br /&gt;"I felt stuffed after eating too much for lunch."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-3225544332724759033?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/3225544332724759033/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/stuff-you-need-to-know-about-stuff.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3225544332724759033'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3225544332724759033'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/stuff-you-need-to-know-about-stuff.html' title='The stuff you need to know about stuff!'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShiSjDfAPaI/AAAAAAAABjA/cnfYpCkHCZ8/s72-c/1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-7387257194122130323</id><published>2009-05-23T16:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-23T16:46:49.747-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Let's take a look at 5 pairs of words that English learners get confused by</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;un and funny&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Both of these are positive adjectives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;fun: something that is enjoyable. Something that we enjoy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'Going to the park with friends is fun.'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;funny: something that makes us laugh is funny.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'The comedy I saw last night was really funny. I laughed and laughed.'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;lose and loose&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These two words are often confused in written English. They have very different meanings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;lose: is a present tense verb. The simple past and past participle forms are both lost. Lose has two meanings:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To no longer possess something because you do not know where it is.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'Try not to lose this key, it's the only one we have.'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not to win or draw (tie) in a game or sport. To be beaten.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'I always lose when I play tennis against my sister. She's too good.'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Loose: is an adjective which means the opposite of tight. Something which does not fit properly is loose.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'His shirt is too loose because he is so thin.'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;advise and advice&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Both of these have the same meaning. They mean recommend. Advice is the noun form. Advise is the verb form.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'She never listens to my advice.'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'I advise you to spend more time planning projects in the future.'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;embarrassed and ashamed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The difference between these two adjectives is that ashamed is a much stronger word. It is used in very serious situations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Embarrassed: to feel uncomfortable in a social situation because of your actions or because of what someone has done to you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'I felt embarrassed when I fell over in the street. Lots of people saw me fall. My face turned red.'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ashamed: to feel guilt or strong embarrassment over your actions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'I am ashamed to tell you that i was arrested by the police for drink-driving.'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;lend and borrow&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Both lend and borrow are verbs. Although they are used in the same situation, they are opposites.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lend: to give something to someone. They will give it back to you when they are finished with it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'I will lend you my car while I am away on holiday.'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Borrow: to receive or 'get' something from someone for a short period of time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'Can I borrow your pen, please?'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;practise&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. I enjoyed the amusement park. It was a lot of ___.&lt;br /&gt;fun&lt;br /&gt;funny&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Your brother is so ___. How does he remember all those jokes?&lt;br /&gt;funny&lt;br /&gt;fun&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Be careful with that jar. I think the lid is ___.&lt;br /&gt;lose&lt;br /&gt;loose&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. We don't play cards for money so it doen't matter if I ___.&lt;br /&gt;lose&lt;br /&gt;loose&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Can I offer you a piece of ___?&lt;br /&gt;advice&lt;br /&gt;advise&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. The bank will ___ you on which account is best for you.&lt;br /&gt;advise&lt;br /&gt;advice&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. I was ___ when I called my neighbour by the wrong name.&lt;br /&gt;ashamed&lt;br /&gt;embarrassed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. I am ___ over my governments treatment of political prisoners.&lt;br /&gt;ashamed&lt;br /&gt;embarrassed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9. Don't ___ him your pen; you'll never see it again.&lt;br /&gt;lend&lt;br /&gt;borrow&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10. I tried to ___ my brother's hammer, but he said 'no'&lt;br /&gt;borrow&lt;br /&gt;lend&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;answer key&lt;br /&gt;1.(A) 2.(A) 3.(B) 4.(A) 5.(A) 6.(A) 7.(B) 8.(A) 9.(A) 10.(A)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-7387257194122130323?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/7387257194122130323/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/lets-take-look-at-5-pairs-of-words-that.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/7387257194122130323'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/7387257194122130323'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/lets-take-look-at-5-pairs-of-words-that.html' title='Let&apos;s take a look at 5 pairs of words that English learners get confused by'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-1969069012808005739</id><published>2009-05-21T21:51:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-21T21:53:25.514-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Bank English - từ vựng tiếng anh về ngân hàng</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;U&lt;/span&gt;sing the phrase I'd like to, here are some phrases that will help you out in the bank:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShYvcsP_GbI/AAAAAAAABig/n2XU9d26kOI/s1600-h/5.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 314px; height: 235px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShYvcsP_GbI/AAAAAAAABig/n2XU9d26kOI/s400/5.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338506578255354290" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I'd like to open an account, please.&lt;br /&gt;How much is the interest rate for your savings account.&lt;br /&gt;I'd like to deposit some money, please.&lt;br /&gt;I'd like to withdraw some money please.&lt;br /&gt;I' d like to transfer some money, please.&lt;br /&gt;I'd like to exchange some money. What's today's the exchange rate? Do you charge commission?&lt;br /&gt;I'd like to change some traveller's cheques, please.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key words&lt;br /&gt;(bank) account - (noun) an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and to allow you to take it out when you need to.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;interest rate - (noun) money that you earn from keeping your money in an account in a bank or other financial organization. It is also the extra money you must pay when you borrow money from a bank.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;deposit - (verb) to put some money into the your bank account.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;withdraw - (noun) to take some money out of your bank account.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;transfer - (verb) to move money from one account to another. Possibly from person's account to another.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;exchange - (verb) to change one country's money into another countries money. E.g. To change your US dollars into euro.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;exchange rate - (noun) the rate at which the money of one country can be changed for the money of another country. E.g. 1 US dollar = .74 euro.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;commission - (noun) a payment or charge taken by a bank for a service. Banks sometime charge a small fee for changing money for customers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;traveller's cheques - (noun) a safe way to carry money instead of cash when travelling. The cheque can be exchanged into cash at a bank.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-1969069012808005739?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/1969069012808005739/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/bank-english-tu-vung-tieng-anh-ve-ngan.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1969069012808005739'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1969069012808005739'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/bank-english-tu-vung-tieng-anh-ve-ngan.html' title='Bank English - từ vựng tiếng anh về ngân hàng'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShYvcsP_GbI/AAAAAAAABig/n2XU9d26kOI/s72-c/5.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-1588492645119327949</id><published>2009-05-21T21:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-21T21:39:29.939-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Word of the day: Bet - các cấu trúc với "Bet"</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;et (verb): to risk money on the result of an event or a competition, such as a horse race, in the hope of winning more money:&lt;br /&gt;"She bet $10 that her favourite horse would win the race, but it came third." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;bet (noun): an amount of money which you risk on the result of an event or a competition, such as a horse race or sportimg event:&lt;br /&gt;"He placed a bet on that the white horse would win the race."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShYsVkV-_HI/AAAAAAAABiY/MNr-WFX_tDc/s1600-h/4.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 358px; height: 267px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShYsVkV-_HI/AAAAAAAABiY/MNr-WFX_tDc/s400/4.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338503157339061362" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You may have heard the bet used in relation to gambling; however, it's also a commonly used word in casual English here's how to use it:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I bet (you)&lt;br /&gt;We use this expression, informally, when you think that something will happen or when you think something is true. It shows you are certain about something:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I bet you that Simon will be late."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;you bet&lt;br /&gt;This expression means 'certainly' and is used to add emphasis to a statement:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Are you going to Jake's party?"&lt;br /&gt;"You bet!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a safe bet&lt;br /&gt;We use this phrases when we are sure that something will happen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"It's a safe bet that Sarah will be the first person to arrive at the meeting."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;your best best bet&lt;br /&gt;This phrase is used to show the best decision or choice:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Your best best would be to take the train. The bus will take too long."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I bet / I'll bet&lt;br /&gt;This expression is used to show that you understand why someone has a particular opinion or feels a particular way:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I'm really angry about what James did!"&lt;br /&gt;"I bet."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-1588492645119327949?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/1588492645119327949/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/word-of-day-bet-cac-cau-truc-voi-bet.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1588492645119327949'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1588492645119327949'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/word-of-day-bet-cac-cau-truc-voi-bet.html' title='Word of the day: Bet - các cấu trúc với &quot;Bet&quot;'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShYsVkV-_HI/AAAAAAAABiY/MNr-WFX_tDc/s72-c/4.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-7726940168326107031</id><published>2009-05-21T21:33:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-21T21:37:15.125-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Words that show the wrong position - từ chỉ sai vị trí</title><content type='html'>Upside-down / wrong-way-up&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When something is upside-down or wrong-way-up, the part which is usually at the top is turned to be at the bottom.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShYrfO7xX9I/AAAAAAAABiA/xHaQOaGWVQU/s1600-h/1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 358px; height: 267px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShYrfO7xX9I/AAAAAAAABiA/xHaQOaGWVQU/s400/1.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338502223879036882" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;wrong-way-round / back-to-front&lt;br /&gt;When something is wrong-way-round or back-to-front it is facing the wrong way.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShYrogKNlOI/AAAAAAAABiI/p0RDG41CEyc/s1600-h/2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 267px; height: 358px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShYrogKNlOI/AAAAAAAABiI/p0RDG41CEyc/s400/2.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338502383121831138" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;inside-out&lt;br /&gt;When something is inside-out, it has the usual inside part on the outside and the usual outside part on the inside.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShYrvRDE5OI/AAAAAAAABiQ/Ak2QiUNys0w/s1600-h/3.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 358px; height: 267px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShYrvRDE5OI/AAAAAAAABiQ/Ak2QiUNys0w/s400/3.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338502499324454114" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-7726940168326107031?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/7726940168326107031/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/words-that-show-wrong-position-tu-chi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/7726940168326107031'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/7726940168326107031'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/words-that-show-wrong-position-tu-chi.html' title='Words that show the wrong position - từ chỉ sai vị trí'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShYrfO7xX9I/AAAAAAAABiA/xHaQOaGWVQU/s72-c/1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-7481398195890823080</id><published>2009-05-21T04:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-21T04:34:01.062-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Kính vạn hoa cuộc sống - The chicken soup for the soul'/><title type='text'>A Thousand Marbles</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShU76su3kPI/AAAAAAAABh4/f-ituddZezk/s1600-h/untitled.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338238812943782130" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 159px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 200px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShU76su3kPI/AAAAAAAABh4/f-ituddZezk/s400/untitled.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; few weeks ago, I was shuffling toward the basement shack with a steaming cup of coffee in one hand and the morning paper in the other. What began as a typical Saturday morning, turned into one of those lessons that life seems to hand you from time to time. Let me tell you about it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I turned the dial up into the phone portion of the band on my ham radio in order to listen to a Saturday morning swap net. Along the way, I came across an older sounding chap, with a tremendous signal and a golden voice. You know, the kind, he sounded like he should be in the broadcasting business. He was telling whomever he was talking with something about “a thousand marbles.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was intrigued and sat down to listen to what he had to say. “Well, Tom, it sure sounds like you’re busy with your job. I’m sure they pay you well but it’s a shame you have to be away from home and your Family so much. Hard to believe a young fellow should have to work sixty or seventy hours a week to make ends meet. Too bad you missed your daughter’s dance recital.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He continued, “Let me tell you something Tom, something that has helped me keep a good perspective on my own priorities.” And that’s when he began to explain his theory of a “thousand marbles.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“You see, I sat down one day and did a little arithmetic. The average person lives about seventy-five years. I know, some live more and some live less, but on average, folks live about seventy-five years.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Now then, I multiplied 75 times 52 and I came up with 3900 which is the number of Saturdays that the average person has in their entire lifetime. Now stick with me Tom, I’m getting to the important part.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“It took me until I was fifty-five years old to think about all this in any detail,” he went on, “and by that time I had lived through over twenty-eight hundred Saturdays. I got to thinking that if I lived to be seventy-five, I only had about a thousand of them left to enjoy.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“So I went to a toy store and bought every single marble they had. I ended up having to visit three toy stores to roundup 1000 marbles. I took them home and put them inside of a large, clear plastic container right here in my workshop next to the radio. Every Saturday since then, I have taken one marble out and thrown it away.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“I found that by watching the marbles diminish, I focused more on the really important things in life. There is nothing like watching your time here on this earth run out to help get your priorities straight.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Now let me tell you one last thing before I sign-off with you and take my lovely wife out for breakfast. This morning, I took the very last marble out of the container. I figure if I make it until next Saturday then God has blessed me with a little extra time to be with my loved ones...”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“It was nice to talk to you Tom, I hope you spend more time with your loved ones, and I hope to meet you again someday. Have a good morning!”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You could have heard a pin drop when he finished. Even the show’s moderator didn’t have anything to say for a few moments. I guess he gave us all a lot to think about. I had planned to do some work that morning, then go to the gym. Instead, I went upstairs and woke my wife up with a kiss. “C’mon honey, I’m taking you and the kids to breakfast.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“What brought this on?” she asked with a smile.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Oh, nothing special,” I said. “It has just been a long time since we spent a Saturday together with the kids. Hey, can we stop at a toy store while we’re out? I need to buy some marbles.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By Jeff Davis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-7481398195890823080?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/7481398195890823080/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/thousand-marbles.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/7481398195890823080'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/7481398195890823080'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/thousand-marbles.html' title='A Thousand Marbles'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShU76su3kPI/AAAAAAAABh4/f-ituddZezk/s72-c/untitled.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-1609786594708041474</id><published>2009-05-21T04:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-21T04:34:23.581-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Kính vạn hoa cuộc sống - The chicken soup for the soul'/><title type='text'>Chush, Chush, Sweet Varlets</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShU7R2nkJOI/AAAAAAAABhw/eW52SP6-2F4/s1600-h/su_hoan_hao.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5338238111222867170" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 157px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 200px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShU7R2nkJOI/AAAAAAAABhw/eW52SP6-2F4/s400/su_hoan_hao.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;n Brooklyn, New York, Chush is a school that caters to learning disabled children. Some children remain in Chush for their entire school career, while others can be mainstreamed into conventional schools.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At a Chush fundraising dinner, the father of a Chush child delivered a speech that would never be forgotten by all who attended.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After extolling the school and its dedicated staff, he cried out, "Where is the perfection in my son Shaya? Everything God does is done with perfection.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But my child cannot understand things as other children do. My child cannot remember facts and figures as other children do. Where is God's perfection? The audience was shocked by the question, pained by the father's anguish and stilled by the piercing query.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I believe," the father answered, "that when God brings a child like this into the world, the perfection that he seeks is in the way people react to this child."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He then told the following story about his son Shaya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One afternoon, Shaya and his father walked past a park where some boys Shaya knew were playing baseball. Shaya asked, "Do you think they will let me play?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shaya's father knew that his son was not at all athletic and that most boys would not want him on their team. But Shaya's father understood that if his son was chosen to play it would give him a comfortable sense of belonging. Shaya's father approached one of the boys in the field and asked if Shaya could play. The boy looked around for guidance from his teammates. Getting none, he took matters in his own hands and said "We are losing by six runs and the game is in the eighth inning. I guess he can be on our team and we'll try to put him up to bat in the ninth inning."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shaya's father was ecstatic as Shaya smiled broadly. Shaya was told to put on a glove and go out to play short center field. In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shaya's team scored a few runs but was still behind by three. In the bottom of the ninth inning, Shaya's team scored again and now with two outs and the bases loaded with the potential winning run on base. Shaya was scheduled to be up. Would the team actually let Shaya bat at this juncture and give away their chance to win the game?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Surpassingly, Shaya was given the bat. Everyone knew that it was all but impossible because Shaya didn't even know how to hold the bat properly, let alone hit with it. However as Shaya stepped up to the plate, the pitcher moved a few steps to lob the ball in softly so Shaya should at least be able to make contact.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first pitch came and Shaya swung clumsily and missed. One of Shaya's teammates came up to Shaya and together they held the bat and faced the pitcher waiting for the next pitch. The pitcher again took a few steps forward to toss the ball softly toward Shaya. As the pitch came in, Shaya and his teammate swung at the ball and together they hit a slow ground ball to the pitcher.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pitcher picked up the soft grounder and could easily have thrown the ball to the first baseman. Shaya would have been out and that would have ended the game. Instead, the pitcher took the ball and threw it on a high arc to right field, far beyond reach of the first baseman.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Everyone started yelling, "Shaya, run to first, run to first."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Never in his life had Shaya run to first. He scampered down the baseline wide-eyed and startled. By the time he reached first base, the right fielder had the ball. He could have thrown the ball to the second baseman who would tag out Shaya, who was still running. But the right fielder understood what the pitcher's intentions were, so he threw the ball high and far over the third baseman's head.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Everyone yelled, "Run to second, run to second." Shaya ran towards second base as the runners ahead of him deliriously circled the bases toward home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As Shaya reached second base, the opposing short stop ran to him, turned him in the direction of third base and shouted, "Run to third." As Shaya rounded third, the boys from both teams ran behind him screaming, "Shaya run home." Shaya ran home, stepped on home plate and all 18 boys lifted him on their shoulders and made him the hero, as if he had just hit a "grand slam" and won the game for his team.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"That day," said the father softly with tears now rolling down his face, "those 18 boys reached their level of God's perfection."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Funny how you can send a thousand 'jokes' through e-mail and they spread like wildfire, but when you start sending messages regarding life choices, people think twice about sharing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Funny how the lewd, crude, vulgar and obscene pass freely through cyberspace, but the public discussion of morality is suppressed in the school and workplace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Funny isn't it?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Funny how when you go to forward this message, you will not send it to many of your address list because you're not sure what they believe, or what they will think of you for sending it to them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Funny how I can be more worried about what other people think of me than what I think of me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By Rabbi Paysach Krohn&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-1609786594708041474?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/1609786594708041474/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/chush-chush-sweet-varlets.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1609786594708041474'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1609786594708041474'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/chush-chush-sweet-varlets.html' title='Chush, Chush, Sweet Varlets'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShU7R2nkJOI/AAAAAAAABhw/eW52SP6-2F4/s72-c/su_hoan_hao.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-2105372069587012125</id><published>2009-05-20T06:52:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-20T07:03:50.317-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Kính vạn hoa cuộc sống - The chicken soup for the soul'/><title type='text'>The gift - món quà</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;is parents acquired the washer when John Claypool was a small boy. It happened during World War II. His family owned no washing machine and, since gasoline was rationed, they could ill afford trips to the laundry several miles away. Keeping clothes clean became a problem for young John's household.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A family friend was drafted into the service, and his wife prepared to go with him. John's family offered to store their furniture while they were away. To the family's surprise, the friends suggested they use their Bendix while they were gone. "It would be better for it to be running," they said, "than sitting up rusting." So this is how they acquired the washer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Young John helped with the washing, and across the years he developed an affection for the old, green Bendix. But eventually the war ended. Their friends returned. In the meantime he had forgotten how the machine came to be in their basement in the first place. When the friends came to take it away, John grew terribly upset -- and said so! His mother, wise as she was, sat him down and said, "Wait a minute, Son. You must remember, that machine never belonged to us in the first place. That we ever got to use it at all was a gift. So, instead of being mad at it being taken away, let's use this occasion to be grateful that we had it at all."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The lesson proved invaluable. Years later, John watched his eight-year-old daughter die a slow and painful death of leukemia. Though he struggled for months with her death, John could not begin healing from the loss until he remembered the old Bendix.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I am here to testify," he said, "that this is the only way down the mountain of loss...when I remember that Laura Lou was a gift, pure and simple, something I neither earned nor deserved nor had a right to. And when I remember that the appropriate response to a gift, even when it is taken away, is gratitude, then I am better able to try and thank God that I was ever given her in the first place."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His daughter was a gift. When he realized that simple fact, everything changed. He could now begin healing from the tragedy of her loss by focusing instead on the wonder of her life. He started to see Laura Lou as a marvelous gift that he was fortunate enough to share for a time. He felt grateful. He found strength and healing. He knew he could get through the valley of loss.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We all experience loss -- loss of people, loss of jobs, loss of relationships, loss of independence, loss of esteem, loss of things. When what you held dear can be viewed as a gift, a wonder that you had it at all, the memory can eventually become one more of gratitude than tragedy. And you will find the healing you need.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Bản tiếng việt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a mẹ của John mua được một cái máy giặt khi John còn nhỏ. Trong suốt cuộc thế chiến thứ 2, gia đình cậu không có máy giặt nào cả, và vì xăng dầu bị hạn chế theo khẩu phần nên khó có thể đi xa hàng dặm để chỉ giặt ủi. Việc giữ quần áo luôn sạch sẽ là rất khó đối với một gia đình như John.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-2105372069587012125?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/2105372069587012125/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/gift-mon-qua.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2105372069587012125'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2105372069587012125'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/gift-mon-qua.html' title='The gift - món quà'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-8595327441503499181</id><published>2009-05-20T06:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-20T06:42:26.542-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Công nghệ hóa học'/><title type='text'>BONDING IN METHANE AND ETHANE</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methane, CH4&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The simple view of the bonding in methane&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQGLkK-P2I/AAAAAAAABgg/NyhUF1Mirnw/s1600-h/ch4gcse.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 130px; height: 129px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQGLkK-P2I/AAAAAAAABgg/NyhUF1Mirnw/s400/ch4gcse.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337898254098906978" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You will be familiar with drawing methane using dots and crosses diagrams, but it is worth looking at its structure a bit more closely.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a serious mis-match between this structure and the modern electronic structure of carbon, 1s22s22px12py1. The modern structure shows that there are only 2 unpaired electrons for hydrogens to share with, instead of the 4 which the simple view requires.&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQGpNN2f4I/AAAAAAAABgo/nym_6r6aQls/s1600-h/1.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 144px; height: 68px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQGpNN2f4I/AAAAAAAABgo/nym_6r6aQls/s400/1.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337898763333042050" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can see this more readily using the electrons-in-boxes notation. Only the 2-level electrons are shown. The 1s2 electrons are too deep inside the atom to be involved in bonding. The only electrons directly available for sharing are the 2p electrons. Why then isn't methane CH2?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Promotion of an electron&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQG139AnrI/AAAAAAAABgw/tGiU3Anpx1I/s1600-h/2.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 144px; height: 212px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQG139AnrI/AAAAAAAABgw/tGiU3Anpx1I/s400/2.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337898980963557042" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When bonds are formed, energy is released and the system becomes more stable. If carbon forms 4 bonds rather than 2, twice as much energy is released and so the resulting molecule becomes even more stable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is only a small energy gap between the 2s and 2p orbitals, and so it pays the carbon to provide a small amount of energy to promote an electron from the 2s to the empty 2p to give 4 unpaired electrons. The extra energy released when the bonds form more than compensates for the initial input.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note:  People sometimes worry that the promoted electron is drawn as an up-arrow, whereas it started as a down-arrow. The reason for this is actually fairly complicated - well beyond the level we are working at. Just get in the habit of writing it like this because it makes the diagrams look tidy!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now that we've got 4 unpaired electrons ready for bonding, another problem arises. In methane all the carbon-hydrogen bonds are identical, but our electrons are in two different kinds of orbitals. You aren't going to get four identical bonds unless you start from four identical orbitals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hybridisation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQHFI0-NUI/AAAAAAAABg4/oJMMDQlm-pE/s1600-h/3.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 143px; height: 59px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQHFI0-NUI/AAAAAAAABg4/oJMMDQlm-pE/s400/3.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337899243191285058" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The electrons rearrange themselves again in a process called hybridisation. This reorganises the electrons into four identical hybrid orbitals called sp3 hybrids (because they are made from one s orbital and three p orbitals). You should read "sp3" as "s p three" - not as "s p cubed".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQHR-jT1fI/AAAAAAAABhA/RY-z8qyTMi4/s1600-h/4.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 108px; height: 113px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQHR-jT1fI/AAAAAAAABhA/RY-z8qyTMi4/s400/4.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337899463771149810" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;sp3 hybrid orbitals look a bit like half a p orbital, and they arrange themselves in space so that they are as far apart as possible. You can picture the nucleus as being at the centre of a tetrahedron (a triangularly based pyramid) with the orbitals pointing to the corners. For clarity, the nucleus is drawn far larger than it really is.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What happens when the bonds are formed?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Remember that hydrogen's electron is in a 1s orbital - a spherically symmetric region of space surrounding the nucleus where there is some fixed chance (say 95%) of finding the electron. When a covalent bond is formed, the atomic orbitals (the orbitals in the individual atoms) merge to produce a new molecular orbital which contains the electron pair which creates the bond.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQHen5J-VI/AAAAAAAABhQ/F0pQKpWq57Y/s1600-h/5.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 338px; height: 213px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQHen5J-VI/AAAAAAAABhQ/F0pQKpWq57Y/s400/5.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337899681027062098" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Four molecular orbitals are formed, looking rather like the original sp3 hybrids, but with a hydrogen nucleus embedded in each lobe. Each orbital holds the 2 electrons that we've previously drawn as a dot and a cross.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The principles involved - promotion of electrons if necessary, then hybridisation, followed by the formation of molecular orbitals - can be applied to any covalently-bound molecule.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ethane, C2H6&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The formation of molecular orbitals in ethane&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ethane isn't particularly important in its own right, but is included because it is a simple example of how a carbon-carbon single bond is formed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Each carbon atom in the ethane promotes an electron and then forms sp3 hybrids exactly as we've described in methane. So just before bonding, the atoms look like this:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQHpo6ZoKI/AAAAAAAABhY/gnbyd-ADVy4/s1600-h/6.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 306px; height: 174px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQHpo6ZoKI/AAAAAAAABhY/gnbyd-ADVy4/s400/6.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337899870279278754" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The hydrogens bond with the two carbons to produce molecular orbitals just as they did with methane. The two carbon atoms bond by merging their remaining sp3 hybrid orbitals end-to-end to make a new molecular orbital. The bond formed by this end-to-end overlap is called a sigma bond. The bonds between the carbons and hydrogens are also sigma bonds.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQIW1b4SpI/AAAAAAAABhg/6a2P80M72qI/s1600-h/7.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 281px; height: 176px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQIW1b4SpI/AAAAAAAABhg/6a2P80M72qI/s400/7.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337900646735039122" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In any sigma bond, the most likely place to find the pair of electrons is on a line between the two nuclei.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Free rotation about the carbon-carbon single bond&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The two ends of this molecule can spin quite freely about the sigma bond so that there are, in a sense, an infinite number of possibilities for the shape of an ethane molecule. Some possible shapes are:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQIkwMOh1I/AAAAAAAABho/fAqPt4HMjQM/s1600-h/8.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 291px; height: 61px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQIkwMOh1I/AAAAAAAABho/fAqPt4HMjQM/s400/8.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337900885845378898" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In each case, the left hand CH3 group has been kept in a constant position so that you can see the effect of spinning the right hand one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other alkanes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All other alkanes will be bonded in the same way:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The carbon atoms will each promote an electron and then hybridise to give sp3 hybrid orbitals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The carbon atoms will join to each other by forming sigma bonds by the end-to-end overlap of their sp3 hybrid orbitals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hydrogen atoms will join on wherever they are needed by overlapping their 1s1 orbitals with sp3 hybrid orbitals on the carbon atoms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-8595327441503499181?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/8595327441503499181/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/bonding-in-methane-and-ethane.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8595327441503499181'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8595327441503499181'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/bonding-in-methane-and-ethane.html' title='BONDING IN METHANE AND ETHANE'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQGLkK-P2I/AAAAAAAABgg/NyhUF1Mirnw/s72-c/ch4gcse.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-167154795008432918</id><published>2009-05-20T06:11:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-20T06:26:59.121-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Công nghệ hóa học'/><title type='text'>ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND ATOMIC ORBITALS</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;A simple view&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In any introductory chemistry course you will have come across the electronic structures of hydrogen and carbon drawn as:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQB7Xi-rqI/AAAAAAAABfQ/l9DauPkXU9I/s1600-h/handc.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 139px; height: 78px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQB7Xi-rqI/AAAAAAAABfQ/l9DauPkXU9I/s400/handc.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337893577785519778" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note:  There are many places where you could still make use of this model of the atom at A' level. It is, however, a simplification and can be misleading. It gives the impression that the electrons are circling the nucleus in orbits like planets around the sun. As you will see in a moment, it is impossible to know exactly how they are actually moving.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The circles show energy levels - representing increasing distances from the nucleus. You could straighten the circles out and draw the electronic structure as a simple energy diagram.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQCL_TLHLI/AAAAAAAABfY/XZFA0VsqaQ0/s1600-h/cenlev.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 333px; height: 161px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQCL_TLHLI/AAAAAAAABfY/XZFA0VsqaQ0/s400/cenlev.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337893863334550706" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Atomic orbitals&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Orbits and orbitals sound similar, but they have quite different meanings. It is essential that you understand the difference between them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The impossibility of drawing orbits for electrons&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To plot a path for something you need to know exactly where the object is and be able to work out exactly where it's going to be an instant later. You can't do this for electrons.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note:  In order to plot a plane's course, it is no use knowing its exact location in mid-Atlantic if you don't know its direction or speed. Equally it's no use knowing that it is travelling at 500 mph due west if you have no idea whether it is near Iceland or the Azores at that particular moment.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle &lt;/strong&gt;(not required at A'level) says - loosely - that you can't know with certainty both where an electron is and where it's going next. That makes it impossible to plot an orbit for an electron around a nucleus. Is this a big problem? No. If something is impossible, you have to accept it and find a way around it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hydrogen's electron - the 1s orbital&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note:  In this diagram (and the orbital diagrams that follow), the nucleus is shown very much larger than it really is. This is just for clarity.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQCi5gJJHI/AAAAAAAABfg/YxkFEQwbqjI/s1600-h/1sorbital.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 88px; height: 112px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQCi5gJJHI/AAAAAAAABfg/YxkFEQwbqjI/s400/1sorbital.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337894256915326066" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Suppose you had a single hydrogen atom and at a particular instant plotted the position of the one electron. Soon afterwards, you do the same thing, and find that it is in a new position. You have no idea how it got from the first place to the second.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You keep on doing this over and over again, and gradually build up a sort of 3D map of the places that the electron is likely to be found.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the hydrogen case, the electron can be found anywhere within a spherical space surrounding the nucleus. The diagram shows a cross-section through this spherical space.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;95% of the time (or any other percentage you choose), the electron will be found within a fairly easily defined region of space quite close to the nucleus. Such a region of space is called an orbital. You can think of an orbital as being the region of space in which the electron lives.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note:  If you wanted to be absolutely 100% sure of where the electron is, you would have to draw an orbital the size of the Universe!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;What is the electron doing in the orbital? We don't know, we can't know, and so we just ignore the problem! All you can say is that if an electron is in a particular orbital it will have a particular definable energy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Each orbital has a name.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The orbital occupied by the hydrogen electron is called a &lt;strong&gt;1s orbital&lt;/strong&gt;. The "&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;" represents the fact that the orbital is in the energy level closest to the nucleus. The "&lt;strong&gt;s&lt;/strong&gt;" tells you about the shape of the orbital. s orbitals are spherically symmetric around the nucleus - in each case, like a hollow ball made of rather chunky material with the nucleus at its centre.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQDCtuIt8I/AAAAAAAABfo/Lii8XPq2QJw/s1600-h/2sorbital.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 141px; height: 160px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQDCtuIt8I/AAAAAAAABfo/Lii8XPq2QJw/s400/2sorbital.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337894803508606914" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The orbital on the left is a &lt;strong&gt;2s orbital&lt;/strong&gt;. This is similar to a 1s orbital except that the region where there is the greatest chance of finding the electron is further from the nucleus - this is an orbital at the second energy level.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you look carefully, you will notice that there is another region of slightly higher electron density (where the dots are thicker) nearer the nucleus. ("Electron density" is another way of talking about how likely you are to find an electron at a particular place.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2s (and 3s, 4s, etc) electrons spend some of their time closer to the nucleus than you might expect. The effect of this is to slightly reduce the energy of electrons in s orbitals. The nearer the nucleus the electrons get, the lower their energy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3s, 4s (etc) orbitals get progressively further from the nucleus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;p orbitals&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQDPS5yCiI/AAAAAAAABfw/N20OQQpAqIQ/s1600-h/porbital.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 92px; height: 202px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQDPS5yCiI/AAAAAAAABfw/N20OQQpAqIQ/s400/porbital.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337895019647994402" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Not all electrons inhabit s orbitals (in fact, very few electrons live in s orbitals). At the first energy level, the only orbital available to electrons is the 1s orbital, but at the second level, as well as a 2s orbital, there are also orbitals called &lt;strong&gt;2p orbitals&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A p orbital is rather like 2 identical balloons tied together at the nucleus. The diagram on the right is a cross-section through that 3-dimensional region of space. Once again, the orbital shows where there is a 95% chance of finding a particular electron.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Beyond A'level:   If you imagine a horizontal plane through the nucleus, with one lobe of the orbital above the plane and the other beneath it, there is a zero probability of finding the electron on that plane. So how does the electron get from one lobe to the other if it can never pass through the plane of the nucleus? For A'level chemistry you just have to accept that it does! If you want to find out more, read about the wave nature of electrons.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Unlike an s orbital, a p orbital points in a particular direction - the one drawn points up and down the page.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At any one energy level it is possible to have three absolutely equivalent p orbitals pointing mutually at right angles to each other. These are arbitrarily given the symbols &lt;strong&gt;px, py and pz&lt;/strong&gt;. This is simply for convenience - what you might think of as the x, y or z direction changes constantly as the atom tumbles in space.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQDfVxfi1I/AAAAAAAABf4/W-m5SKVdzzA/s1600-h/pxyandz.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 131px; height: 139px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQDfVxfi1I/AAAAAAAABf4/W-m5SKVdzzA/s400/pxyandz.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337895295296441170" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The p orbitals at the second energy level are called 2px, 2py and 2pz. There are similar orbitals at subsequent levels - 3px, 3py, 3pz, 4px, 4py, 4pz and so on.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All levels except for the first level have p orbitals. At the higher levels the lobes get more elongated, with the most likely place to find the electron more distant from the nucleus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fitting electrons into orbitals&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Because for the moment we are only interested in the electronic structures of hydrogen and carbon, we don't need to concern ourselves with what happens beyond the second energy level.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Remember:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the first level there is only one orbital - the 1s orbital.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the second level there are four orbitals - the 2s, 2px, 2py and 2pz orbitals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Each orbital can hold either 1 or 2 electrons, but no more.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;"Electrons-in-boxes"&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Orbitals can be represented as boxes with the electrons in them shown as arrows. Often an up-arrow and a down-arrow are used to show that the electrons are in some way different.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Beyond A'level:  The need to have all electrons in an atom different comes out of quantum theory. If they live in different orbitals, that's fine - but if they are both in the same orbital there has to be some subtle distinction between them. Quantum theory allocates them a property known as "spin" - which is what the arrows are intended to suggest.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQDw-05A-I/AAAAAAAABgA/HQuaODauo7g/s1600-h/1s2.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 40px; height: 61px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQDw-05A-I/AAAAAAAABgA/HQuaODauo7g/s400/1s2.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337895598374323170" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; A 1s orbital holding 2 electrons would be drawn as shown on the right, but it can be written even more quickly as 1s2. This is read as "one s two" - not as "one s squared".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You mustn't confuse the two numbers in this notation:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQD8HYKHII/AAAAAAAABgI/MvZiYPuOTt4/s1600-h/explain1s2.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 339px; height: 54px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQD8HYKHII/AAAAAAAABgI/MvZiYPuOTt4/s400/explain1s2.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337895789648288898" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The order of filling orbitals&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Electrons fill low energy orbitals (closer to the nucleus) before they fill higher energy ones. Where there is a choice between orbitals of equal energy, they fill the orbitals singly as far as possible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The diagram (not to scale) summarises the energies of the various orbitals in the first and second levels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQEF7-aLAI/AAAAAAAABgQ/AG4kBezCeJ0/s1600-h/orbenergy.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 211px; height: 172px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQEF7-aLAI/AAAAAAAABgQ/AG4kBezCeJ0/s400/orbenergy.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337895958386191362" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notice that the 2s orbital has a slightly lower energy than the 2p orbitals. That means that the 2s orbital will fill with electrons before the 2p orbitals. All the 2p orbitals have exactly the same energy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The electronic structure of hydrogen&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hydrogen only has one electron and that will go into the orbital with the lowest energy - the 1s orbital.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hydrogen has an electronic structure of 1s1. We have already described this orbital earlier.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The electronic structure of carbon&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Carbon has six electrons. Two of them will be found in the 1s orbital close to the nucleus. The next two will go into the 2s orbital. The remaining ones will be in two separate 2p orbitals. This is because the p orbitals all have the same energy and the electrons prefer to be on their own if that's the case.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQETCyNI5I/AAAAAAAABgY/r5d7OTgAaFE/s1600-h/corbenergy.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 211px; height: 172px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQETCyNI5I/AAAAAAAABgY/r5d7OTgAaFE/s400/corbenergy.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337896183552353170" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note:  People sometimes wonder why the electrons choose to go into the 2px and 2py orbitals rather than the 2pz. They don't! All of the 2p orbitals are exactly equivalent, and the names we give them are entirely arbitrary. It just looks tidier if we call the orbitals the electrons occupy the 2px and 2py.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The electronic structure of carbon is normally written 1s22s22px12py1.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;Phần còn lại &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-167154795008432918?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/167154795008432918/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/simple-view-in-any-introductory.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/167154795008432918'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/167154795008432918'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/simple-view-in-any-introductory.html' title='ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND ATOMIC ORBITALS'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShQB7Xi-rqI/AAAAAAAABfQ/l9DauPkXU9I/s72-c/handc.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-4656514545880553797</id><published>2009-05-19T01:46:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-19T01:51:45.259-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Công nghệ hóa học'/><title type='text'>Organic Chemistry - Alcohols &amp; Ethers: Nomenclature</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;imple alcohols are named as derivatives of the parent alkane, using the suffix -ol, using the following simple rules: &lt;br /&gt;Select the longest continuous carbon chain, containing the hydroxyl group, and derive the parent name by replacing the -e ending with -ol. &lt;br /&gt;Number the carbon chain, beginning at the end nearest to the hydroxyl group. &lt;br /&gt;Number the substituents and write the name, listing substituents alphabetically. &lt;br /&gt;Some Examples:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJyjkUi2AI/AAAAAAAABew/JyjczIgey7U/s1600-h/N1.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 178px; height: 267px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJyjkUi2AI/AAAAAAAABew/JyjczIgey7U/s400/N1.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337454463758292994" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alcohols are also known by a wide variety of common names, some of which are given below: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJysc7GB4I/AAAAAAAABe4/xedGF-AK9KA/s1600-h/N2.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 359px; height: 191px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJysc7GB4I/AAAAAAAABe4/xedGF-AK9KA/s400/N2.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337454616391321474" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Simple ethers are named either by identifying the two organic residues and adding the word ether, or, if other functionality is present, the ether residue is named as an alkoxy substituent, as shown below: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJy0a9R9AI/AAAAAAAABfA/lPGjWyGQge8/s1600-h/N3.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 310px; height: 137px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJy0a9R9AI/AAAAAAAABfA/lPGjWyGQge8/s400/N3.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337454753302574082" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some Examples:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJy53d4AgI/AAAAAAAABfI/wuRLgn3o4Ow/s1600-h/N4.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 354px; height: 189px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJy53d4AgI/AAAAAAAABfI/wuRLgn3o4Ow/s400/N4.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337454846854824450" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-4656514545880553797?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/4656514545880553797/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/organic-chemistry-alcohols-ethers.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/4656514545880553797'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/4656514545880553797'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/organic-chemistry-alcohols-ethers.html' title='Organic Chemistry - Alcohols &amp; Ethers: Nomenclature'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJyjkUi2AI/AAAAAAAABew/JyjczIgey7U/s72-c/N1.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-5430357819451110189</id><published>2009-05-19T01:10:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-20T01:36:50.179-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Truyện tranh - Comic'/><title type='text'>Naruto shippuuden chapter 447 - english</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJpxx9kVUI/AAAAAAAABco/gBXsAdOfXZ8/s1600-h/01.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 270px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJpxx9kVUI/AAAAAAAABco/gBXsAdOfXZ8/s400/01.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337444812333536578" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJpyDwQadI/AAAAAAAABcw/PpxZOY1rubw/s1600-h/02.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 263px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJpyDwQadI/AAAAAAAABcw/PpxZOY1rubw/s400/02.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337444817109543378" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJpyW3MrRI/AAAAAAAABc4/Z1xe2Z9NEL0/s1600-h/03.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 269px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJpyW3MrRI/AAAAAAAABc4/Z1xe2Z9NEL0/s400/03.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337444822238932242" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJpyhNiX_I/AAAAAAAABdA/ocd4Xe9nl_k/s1600-h/04.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 269px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJpyhNiX_I/AAAAAAAABdA/ocd4Xe9nl_k/s400/04.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337444825016983538" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJpypXWZZI/AAAAAAAABdI/Tnm6ZLvHOuw/s1600-h/05.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 269px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJpypXWZZI/AAAAAAAABdI/Tnm6ZLvHOuw/s400/05.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337444827205625234" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqCAstq5I/AAAAAAAABdQ/JXj-Zblah3A/s1600-h/06.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 273px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqCAstq5I/AAAAAAAABdQ/JXj-Zblah3A/s400/06.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337445091167284114" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqCbtMi5I/AAAAAAAABdY/wt_inxyzExw/s1600-h/07.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 270px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqCbtMi5I/AAAAAAAABdY/wt_inxyzExw/s400/07.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337445098417064850" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqCbsEe3I/AAAAAAAABdg/J_5ReK_UmnA/s1600-h/08.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 265px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqCbsEe3I/AAAAAAAABdg/J_5ReK_UmnA/s400/08.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337445098412342130" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqCsPfS_I/AAAAAAAABdo/93JHUD6F6uM/s1600-h/09.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 270px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqCsPfS_I/AAAAAAAABdo/93JHUD6F6uM/s400/09.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337445102855867378" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqCnH2uuI/AAAAAAAABdw/dIcBPZC8apo/s1600-h/10.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 266px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqCnH2uuI/AAAAAAAABdw/dIcBPZC8apo/s400/10.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337445101481671394" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqTuSE8FI/AAAAAAAABd4/Le2ZQLNWHGM/s1600-h/11.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 270px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqTuSE8FI/AAAAAAAABd4/Le2ZQLNWHGM/s400/11.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337445395461369938" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqT0GmyAI/AAAAAAAABeA/fhmAWDH7c28/s1600-h/12.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 273px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqT0GmyAI/AAAAAAAABeA/fhmAWDH7c28/s400/12.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337445397023868930" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqT1lMTjI/AAAAAAAABeI/pHvOlXIc4LM/s1600-h/13.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 270px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqT1lMTjI/AAAAAAAABeI/pHvOlXIc4LM/s400/13.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337445397420592690" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqUPCi8fI/AAAAAAAABeQ/1OoIYSb6bU0/s1600-h/14.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 273px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqUPCi8fI/AAAAAAAABeQ/1OoIYSb6bU0/s400/14.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337445404254597618" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqUfn-Q6I/AAAAAAAABeY/LsQza6n9ig8/s1600-h/15.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 270px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqUfn-Q6I/AAAAAAAABeY/LsQza6n9ig8/s400/15.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337445408706544546" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqdMNNGlI/AAAAAAAABeg/GcZncwHYjaE/s1600-h/16.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 270px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqdMNNGlI/AAAAAAAABeg/GcZncwHYjaE/s400/16.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337445558112819794" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqdS8CbZI/AAAAAAAABeo/J1eosiyGwb0/s1600-h/17.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 270px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJqdS8CbZI/AAAAAAAABeo/J1eosiyGwb0/s400/17.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337445559919865234" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-5430357819451110189?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/5430357819451110189/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/naruto-shippuuden-chapter-446-english.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/5430357819451110189'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/5430357819451110189'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/naruto-shippuuden-chapter-446-english.html' title='Naruto shippuuden chapter 447 - english'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShJpxx9kVUI/AAAAAAAABco/gBXsAdOfXZ8/s72-c/01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-8416823031687085601</id><published>2009-05-18T20:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-18T20:59:03.063-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Thư giãn'/><title type='text'>Funny photos P2</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqkc266eI/AAAAAAAABbk/0r-VKImAwuI/s1600-h/funnytoonpic099.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 302px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqkc266eI/AAAAAAAABbk/0r-VKImAwuI/s400/funnytoonpic099.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337375314097662434" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqj5XKMMI/AAAAAAAABbc/W8K_OXr7qWM/s1600-h/funnytoonpic095.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqj5XKMMI/AAAAAAAABbc/W8K_OXr7qWM/s400/funnytoonpic095.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337375304569204930" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqj908rOI/AAAAAAAABbU/1qAu7aoSr2c/s1600-h/funnytoonpic092.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 217px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqj908rOI/AAAAAAAABbU/1qAu7aoSr2c/s400/funnytoonpic092.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337375305767890146" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqjr6DLtI/AAAAAAAABbM/c_FsqHLECQk/s1600-h/funnytoonpic088.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 251px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqjr6DLtI/AAAAAAAABbM/c_FsqHLECQk/s400/funnytoonpic088.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337375300957449938" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqjhYAnQI/AAAAAAAABbE/o5Pj5ufUKaQ/s1600-h/funnytoonpic085.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 246px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqjhYAnQI/AAAAAAAABbE/o5Pj5ufUKaQ/s400/funnytoonpic085.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337375298130320642" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqauVYCDI/AAAAAAAABa8/xSRhXBJg8x0/s1600-h/funnytoonpic084.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 284px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqauVYCDI/AAAAAAAABa8/xSRhXBJg8x0/s400/funnytoonpic084.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337375146990110770" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqaUMlXtI/AAAAAAAABa0/Zja826X1EtY/s1600-h/funnytoonpic083.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 348px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqaUMlXtI/AAAAAAAABa0/Zja826X1EtY/s400/funnytoonpic083.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337375139973914322" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqaeBu95I/AAAAAAAABas/H-YvA1DW9WM/s1600-h/funnytoonpic078.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 350px; height: 328px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqaeBu95I/AAAAAAAABas/H-YvA1DW9WM/s400/funnytoonpic078.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337375142612760466" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqaW_JkKI/AAAAAAAABak/aYIka_ys5xc/s1600-h/funnytoonpic077.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 300px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqaW_JkKI/AAAAAAAABak/aYIka_ys5xc/s400/funnytoonpic077.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337375140722872482" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqZ8eIY_I/AAAAAAAABac/jWSHeY_kmgM/s1600-h/funnytoonpic074.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 313px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqZ8eIY_I/AAAAAAAABac/jWSHeY_kmgM/s400/funnytoonpic074.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337375133605061618" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIp5uHSMEI/AAAAAAAABaU/wHbXZsU_TZo/s1600-h/funnytoonpic071.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 353px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIp5uHSMEI/AAAAAAAABaU/wHbXZsU_TZo/s400/funnytoonpic071.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337374579995324482" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIp5kFMNFI/AAAAAAAABaM/3GKPtB9T3hE/s1600-h/funnytoonpic067.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 278px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIp5kFMNFI/AAAAAAAABaM/3GKPtB9T3hE/s400/funnytoonpic067.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337374577302189138" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIp5aXLxrI/AAAAAAAABaE/arvLzLoxkXo/s1600-h/funnytoonpic064.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 383px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIp5aXLxrI/AAAAAAAABaE/arvLzLoxkXo/s400/funnytoonpic064.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337374574693303986" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIp5Rtio6I/AAAAAAAABZ8/uKoisi41CX0/s1600-h/funnytoonpic063.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 330px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIp5Rtio6I/AAAAAAAABZ8/uKoisi41CX0/s400/funnytoonpic063.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337374572371157922" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIp5IGkFsI/AAAAAAAABZ0/ugMLxH4mloY/s1600-h/funnytoonpic061.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 293px; height: 399px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIp5IGkFsI/AAAAAAAABZ0/ugMLxH4mloY/s400/funnytoonpic061.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337374569791755970" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIpsH3vAfI/AAAAAAAABZs/T66kGY96Lig/s1600-h/funnytoonpic047.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 228px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIpsH3vAfI/AAAAAAAABZs/T66kGY96Lig/s400/funnytoonpic047.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337374346391257586" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIpr9IE7BI/AAAAAAAABZk/5QOFPrUdkjI/s1600-h/funnytoonpic043.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 298px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIpr9IE7BI/AAAAAAAABZk/5QOFPrUdkjI/s400/funnytoonpic043.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337374343507012626" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIprm4sBuI/AAAAAAAABZc/jWVtabgbaHA/s1600-h/funnytoonpic042.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 338px; height: 336px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIprm4sBuI/AAAAAAAABZc/jWVtabgbaHA/s400/funnytoonpic042.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337374337536886498" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIprnkItsI/AAAAAAAABZU/l6scrVmEi6E/s1600-h/funnytoonpic040.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 282px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIprnkItsI/AAAAAAAABZU/l6scrVmEi6E/s400/funnytoonpic040.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337374337719121602" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIprR2_S_I/AAAAAAAABZM/-QTNnB7tbzo/s1600-h/funnytoonpic039.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIprR2_S_I/AAAAAAAABZM/-QTNnB7tbzo/s400/funnytoonpic039.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337374331892616178" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hereby some very funny pic whitch I collect.Let enjoy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-8416823031687085601?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/8416823031687085601/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/funny-photos-p2.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8416823031687085601'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8416823031687085601'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/funny-photos-p2.html' title='Funny photos P2'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIqkc266eI/AAAAAAAABbk/0r-VKImAwuI/s72-c/funnytoonpic099.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-8247626805227826819</id><published>2009-05-18T19:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-19T00:05:59.183-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Thư giãn'/><title type='text'>Hình tiếu lâm 4 phương</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIlVBT1dHI/AAAAAAAABZE/_r7ZGCkpYBg/s1600-h/funnytoonpic037.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 280px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIlVBT1dHI/AAAAAAAABZE/_r7ZGCkpYBg/s400/funnytoonpic037.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337369551446570098" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIlU5g3STI/AAAAAAAABY8/j0gIjfTQlM4/s1600-h/funnytoonpic035.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 284px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIlU5g3STI/AAAAAAAABY8/j0gIjfTQlM4/s400/funnytoonpic035.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337369549353732402" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIlUhEAYwI/AAAAAAAABY0/d879MK87V_8/s1600-h/funnytoonpic031.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 293px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIlUhEAYwI/AAAAAAAABY0/d879MK87V_8/s400/funnytoonpic031.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337369542790243074" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIlUdKnZ0I/AAAAAAAABYs/XRqLvdex1Ds/s1600-h/funnytoonpic030.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 343px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIlUdKnZ0I/AAAAAAAABYs/XRqLvdex1Ds/s400/funnytoonpic030.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337369541744224066" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIlUQ80xDI/AAAAAAAABYk/AYhIYQ4TZ3w/s1600-h/funnytoonpic028.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 362px; height: 267px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIlUQ80xDI/AAAAAAAABYk/AYhIYQ4TZ3w/s400/funnytoonpic028.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337369538465154098" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIjFQ0qdHI/AAAAAAAABYc/wHIJ1JBjM0Q/s1600-h/funnytoonpic027.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 287px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIjFQ0qdHI/AAAAAAAABYc/wHIJ1JBjM0Q/s400/funnytoonpic027.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337367081709630578" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIjFf0EtMI/AAAAAAAABYU/MYtA82yY16U/s1600-h/funnytoonpic020.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 262px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIjFf0EtMI/AAAAAAAABYU/MYtA82yY16U/s400/funnytoonpic020.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337367085733688514" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIjFPYKmqI/AAAAAAAABYM/DylrJBSsC7I/s1600-h/funnytoonpic015.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 331px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIjFPYKmqI/AAAAAAAABYM/DylrJBSsC7I/s400/funnytoonpic015.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337367081321667234" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIjFOSaZKI/AAAAAAAABYE/urV7AiIKdPw/s1600-h/funnytoonpic014.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 331px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIjFOSaZKI/AAAAAAAABYE/urV7AiIKdPw/s400/funnytoonpic014.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337367081029100706" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIjE-iULFI/AAAAAAAABX8/5HB2br7j5KM/s1600-h/funnytoonpic011.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 200px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIjE-iULFI/AAAAAAAABX8/5HB2br7j5KM/s400/funnytoonpic011.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337367076800834642" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIg2IiuKzI/AAAAAAAABX0/Mc9IuFarhfA/s1600-h/funnytoonpic001.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 308px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIg2IiuKzI/AAAAAAAABX0/Mc9IuFarhfA/s400/funnytoonpic001.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337364622765599538" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIg11htL0I/AAAAAAAABXs/PBCaASaRdyE/s1600-h/funnypartcomveryfunny.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 297px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIg11htL0I/AAAAAAAABXs/PBCaASaRdyE/s400/funnypartcomveryfunny.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337364617661067074" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIg1l9QF1I/AAAAAAAABXk/WuoW4QBja9M/s1600-h/funnypartcomsnowman.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 206px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIg1l9QF1I/AAAAAAAABXk/WuoW4QBja9M/s400/funnypartcomsnowman.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337364613481633618" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIg1hBx9WI/AAAAAAAABXc/AlDV3iMH4II/s1600-h/funnycartoonnoahsark.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIg1hBx9WI/AAAAAAAABXc/AlDV3iMH4II/s400/funnycartoonnoahsark.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337364612158453090" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIg1cD7wWI/AAAAAAAABXU/3q6wXes2EOc/s1600-h/comics86.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 284px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIg1cD7wWI/AAAAAAAABXU/3q6wXes2EOc/s400/comics86.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337364610825306466" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIgl7cexII/AAAAAAAABXM/82zR7f10PpE/s1600-h/comics02.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 287px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIgl7cexII/AAAAAAAABXM/82zR7f10PpE/s400/comics02.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337364344371856514" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIglzQgjrI/AAAAAAAABXE/-jiuAqZ9x6s/s1600-h/56066904.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 299px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIglzQgjrI/AAAAAAAABXE/-jiuAqZ9x6s/s400/56066904.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337364342174158514" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIgl6UrkBI/AAAAAAAABW8/dsRNy5HTsq8/s1600-h/45493247.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 314px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIgl6UrkBI/AAAAAAAABW8/dsRNy5HTsq8/s400/45493247.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337364344070705170" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIglm9TGlI/AAAAAAAABW0/d2ucWAFfbFo/s1600-h/32034045.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 355px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIglm9TGlI/AAAAAAAABW0/d2ucWAFfbFo/s400/32034045.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337364338872359506" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIglr0jksI/AAAAAAAABWs/xnjgQujOjI4/s1600-h/29465269.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 381px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIglr0jksI/AAAAAAAABWs/xnjgQujOjI4/s400/29465269.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337364340177867458" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIgVBQbJMI/AAAAAAAABWk/pRHxICaEQ90/s1600-h/123g.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 271px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIgVBQbJMI/AAAAAAAABWk/pRHxICaEQ90/s400/123g.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337364053874123970" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIgQKRW9UI/AAAAAAAABWc/m-Ic05Xf2_M/s1600-h/096pics.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 168px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIgQKRW9UI/AAAAAAAABWc/m-Ic05Xf2_M/s400/096pics.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337363970394617154" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-8247626805227826819?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/8247626805227826819/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/hinh-tieu-lam-4-phuong.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8247626805227826819'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8247626805227826819'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/hinh-tieu-lam-4-phuong.html' title='Hình tiếu lâm 4 phương'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShIlVBT1dHI/AAAAAAAABZE/_r7ZGCkpYBg/s72-c/funnytoonpic037.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-2497943862052598869</id><published>2009-05-17T18:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-17T18:43:33.486-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Khoa học và cuộc sống'/><title type='text'>Brain's Organization Switches As Children Become Adults</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;cienceDaily (May 17, 2009) — Any child confronting an outraged parent demanding to know "What were you thinking?" now has a new response: "Scientists have discovered that my brain is organized differently from yours."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The organizational structures in the human brain undergo a major shift during the transition from childhood to adulthood. Brain regions are represented by circles, with the outer color of the circle symbolizing where in the brain each region is physically located while the inner color represents the region's function. (Credit: Image courtesy of Washington University School of Medicine)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShC8R05638I/AAAAAAAABWU/zMlN2bTHrlg/s1600-h/090515093228.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336972572879413186" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 277px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 256px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShC8R05638I/AAAAAAAABWU/zMlN2bTHrlg/s320/090515093228.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But all is not well for errant kids. The same new study also provides parents with a rejoinder: While the overarching organization scheme differs, one of the most important core principals of adult brain organization is present in the brains of children as young as 7.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Regardless of how tempting it might be to assume otherwise, a normal child's brain is not inherently disorganized or chaotic," says senior author Steven E. Petersen, Ph.D., the James McDonnell Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. "It's differently organized but at least as capable as an adult brain."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Petersen and his colleagues study normal brain organization and development to learn more about how developmental disorders and brain injury can impair mental capabilities. They plan to apply what they learn to develop new treatments for such disorders.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The researchers use resting-state functional connectivity MRI to identify and study brain networks. Instead of recording mental activity when volunteers work on a cognitive task, resting-state connectivity scans the spontaneous activity that takes place in their brains while they do nothing. When this brain activity rises and falls at the same time in different brain regions, researchers conclude that those areas likely work together.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Through such studies, scientists previously revealed four brain networks with varying responsibilities in the adult brain. Two of those networks, for example, appear to be co-captains in charge of most voluntary brain function. The networks typically involve tight links between several brain regions that are physically distant from each other.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the new study, this is where the organizational contrast arises: Instead of having networks made of brain regions that are distant from each other but functionally linked, most of the tightest connections in a child's brain are between brain regions that are physically close to each other.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study was led by Damien A. Fair, Ph.D., a former Washington University graduate student now at Oregon Health and Science University, and Alexander L. Cohen, a current Washington University graduate student. They directed analysis of data from 210 subjects ranging from 7 to 31 years old.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"We took a group of the youngest subjects, analyzed their results, then dropped data from the youngest and added data from the next-oldest and redid the analysis until we had worked our way through all subjects," Fair says. "The result was a detailed movie of how the organizational transition from a child's brain to an adult's brain takes place. It clearly shows a switch from localized networks based on physical proximity to long-distance networks centered on functionality."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Researchers also checked children's brains for "small-world" organization, another organizational quality present in adult brains. In less formal contexts, this is sometimes called "Kevin Bacon" organization after the trivia game known as "six degrees of Kevin Bacon." The game highlights how easy it is to connect any actor or actress to Kevin Bacon in six movies or less through links among various co-stars.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"It's the idea of a large network that lets you connect one node with another in a relatively short number of steps via special nodes," Fair says. "Like Kevin Bacon, these special nodes have many connections to other nodes, allowing them to help shorten the amount of steps that have to be taken when connecting nodes."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Scientists already knew that children had many fewer long-distance links among brain regions than adults, but when they looked more closely they found there were enough of these links and nodes with multiple connections to establish small-world organization.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Researchers set the lower limit for study subjects at 7 years of age because the brain is approximately 95 percent of its adult size at this age, but they are currently examining ways to adapt the study to the changing physical geography of younger brains. They have also begun looking at the same phenomena in subjects with brain injuries and developmental disorders.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Funding from the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, the John Merck Scholars Fund, the Burroughs-Wellcome Fund, the Dana Foundation, the Ogle Family Fund, the Washington University Chancellor's Graduate Fellowship and the UNCF/Merck Graduate and Postgraduate and Science Research Fellowship supported this research.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-2497943862052598869?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/2497943862052598869/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/brains-organization-switches-as.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2497943862052598869'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2497943862052598869'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/brains-organization-switches-as.html' title='Brain&apos;s Organization Switches As Children Become Adults'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/ShC8R05638I/AAAAAAAABWU/zMlN2bTHrlg/s72-c/090515093228.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-2217111265049720479</id><published>2009-05-16T19:04:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-03T19:21:27.437-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Thư giãn'/><title type='text'>Chơi game!</title><content type='html'>Đây là một số game dành cho các bạn gái. Game rất nhẹ nhàng và thú vị. Chúc vui vẻ nhé.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;embed src="http://lms.ctu.edu.vn/lms/courses/CK443/work/4a0f735a16b221%5B1%5D.swf" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="400# height="1000#  &gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Các game tương tự nè---&gt;các bạn click vào các liên kết sau và chơi nhé!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/105841780/fd5f44b1/11_online.html" target=_blank&gt;trangdiem1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/105845196/86c83b20/capdoi1.html" target=_blank&gt;cặp đôi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-2217111265049720479?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/2217111265049720479/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/choi-game.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2217111265049720479'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2217111265049720479'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/choi-game.html' title='Chơi game!'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-2561818813126342823</id><published>2009-05-16T18:19:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-16T18:28:18.868-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Photoshop and Graphic'/><title type='text'>HOW TO MAKE A LOGO FOR ONLINE PHAMARCY</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;n this tutorial I’ll show how to create a logo for your online pharmacy site&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Cover a background with black color (G), choose an instrument “text” (T) and write “RX”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg9m18686tI/AAAAAAAABVU/8WlZbEumMDQ/s1600-h/111.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 312px; height: 320px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg9m18686tI/AAAAAAAABVU/8WlZbEumMDQ/s320/111.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336597160529816274" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Make a rectangular selection (M) and cover it with the color of our background.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg9nApb8tVI/AAAAAAAABVc/c3iIwapHgxw/s1600-h/211.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 312px; height: 320px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg9nApb8tVI/AAAAAAAABVc/c3iIwapHgxw/s320/211.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336597344278066514" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Write the name of the site.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg9nIHTYgKI/AAAAAAAABVk/5xuiSX25ReA/s1600-h/312.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 312px; height: 320px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg9nIHTYgKI/AAAAAAAABVk/5xuiSX25ReA/s320/312.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336597472554287266" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Write a slogan (by a small font with the extended interval).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg9nOoQqcFI/AAAAAAAABVs/Whjd4wKdPD8/s1600-h/411.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 312px; height: 320px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg9nOoQqcFI/AAAAAAAABVs/Whjd4wKdPD8/s320/411.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336597584480464978" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Choose an instrument “pencil” (B) and draw a horizontal line (1 pxl) between the name of the site and the slogan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg9nUH2xS4I/AAAAAAAABV0/-dpEX4Ni_II/s1600-h/511.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 312px; height: 320px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg9nUH2xS4I/AAAAAAAABV0/-dpEX4Ni_II/s320/511.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336597678861142914" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Any question or comment pls contact with nguyenquochoang2006@gmail.com thanks for viewing&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-2561818813126342823?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/2561818813126342823/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/how-to-make-logo-for-online-phamarcy.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2561818813126342823'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2561818813126342823'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/how-to-make-logo-for-online-phamarcy.html' title='HOW TO MAKE A LOGO FOR ONLINE PHAMARCY'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg9m18686tI/AAAAAAAABVU/8WlZbEumMDQ/s72-c/111.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-8087279455993379478</id><published>2009-05-15T23:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-15T23:22:22.986-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Thư giãn'/><title type='text'>Truyện hài hước - chú Thòong</title><content type='html'>Tuyển tập truyện chú Thoong. xem xong nhớ nhận xét nhé.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5bJCoFzNI/AAAAAAAABU0/tCIZ53P5cDM/s1600-h/sabotageoq9.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 319px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5bJCoFzNI/AAAAAAAABU0/tCIZ53P5cDM/s320/sabotageoq9.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336302819362589906" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5bAynWUZI/AAAAAAAABUs/UDcbl2ZGb4E/s1600-h/tcomealoneho7.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 319px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5bAynWUZI/AAAAAAAABUs/UDcbl2ZGb4E/s320/tcomealoneho7.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336302677625557394" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5a7ldgyZI/AAAAAAAABUk/2bFuPjYhmNw/s1600-h/oldchildhp5.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 320px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5a7ldgyZI/AAAAAAAABUk/2bFuPjYhmNw/s320/oldchildhp5.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336302588195293586" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5a4WrE8zI/AAAAAAAABUc/SemGhr3ZV_g/s1600-h/normalbehaviorze6.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5a4WrE8zI/AAAAAAAABUc/SemGhr3ZV_g/s320/normalbehaviorze6.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336302532686050098" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5a0AqkGDI/AAAAAAAABUU/zgJyCPXUeCQ/s1600-h/monquabatngosy2.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 319px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5a0AqkGDI/AAAAAAAABUU/zgJyCPXUeCQ/s320/monquabatngosy2.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336302458058840114" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5awSwsbAI/AAAAAAAABUM/u2wI6OG4n6I/s1600-h/monquabatngo2it1.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 320px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5awSwsbAI/AAAAAAAABUM/u2wI6OG4n6I/s320/monquabatngo2it1.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336302394196913154" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5as7ld8aI/AAAAAAAABUE/Qumz_ecQmHE/s1600-h/misunderstandingfu9.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5as7ld8aI/AAAAAAAABUE/Qumz_ecQmHE/s320/misunderstandingfu9.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336302336436203938" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5apAqiNEI/AAAAAAAABT8/4wITYDuQ7uU/s1600-h/loidungcohoiou0.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5apAqiNEI/AAAAAAAABT8/4wITYDuQ7uU/s320/loidungcohoiou0.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336302269080155202" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5aksU3wVI/AAAAAAAABT0/F1UXf2tAMkA/s1600-h/hieulam6icuc9.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 319px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5aksU3wVI/AAAAAAAABT0/F1UXf2tAMkA/s320/hieulam6icuc9.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336302194901107026" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5agMbAk5I/AAAAAAAABTs/lFepbmlOBWo/s1600-h/evenscarierab4.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5agMbAk5I/AAAAAAAABTs/lFepbmlOBWo/s320/evenscarierab4.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336302117617439634" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5acLtUvcI/AAAAAAAABTk/Ei2B8VmAhJo/s1600-h/choinguvz5.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 320px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5acLtUvcI/AAAAAAAABTk/Ei2B8VmAhJo/s320/choinguvz5.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336302048706346434" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5aYaTR7BI/AAAAAAAABTc/NhLzDPV-N3w/s1600-h/beautycontestmb1.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 319px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5aYaTR7BI/AAAAAAAABTc/NhLzDPV-N3w/s320/beautycontestmb1.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336301983904164882" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5aUdYfB9I/AAAAAAAABTU/xv9skn5iwO8/s1600-h/aspectacleej5.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 319px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5aUdYfB9I/AAAAAAAABTU/xv9skn5iwO8/s320/aspectacleej5.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336301916011825106" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5aQaytQJI/AAAAAAAABTM/OXbj68QbNb8/s1600-h/aianaitj7.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 320px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5aQaytQJI/AAAAAAAABTM/OXbj68QbNb8/s320/aianaitj7.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336301846597025938" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5aKNSB9TI/AAAAAAAABTE/jkA9YIlUsRk/s1600-h/20010103wm9.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 319px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5aKNSB9TI/AAAAAAAABTE/jkA9YIlUsRk/s320/20010103wm9.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336301739891094834" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5aECVQJkI/AAAAAAAABS8/cqpcOT3SvZE/s1600-h/20000131mw5.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 320px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5aECVQJkI/AAAAAAAABS8/cqpcOT3SvZE/s320/20000131mw5.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336301633872602690" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-8087279455993379478?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/8087279455993379478/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/truyen-hai-huoc-chu-thoong.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8087279455993379478'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8087279455993379478'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/truyen-hai-huoc-chu-thoong.html' title='Truyện hài hước - chú Thòong'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5bJCoFzNI/AAAAAAAABU0/tCIZ53P5cDM/s72-c/sabotageoq9.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-7217424014091441551</id><published>2009-05-15T22:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-15T23:24:03.332-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Thư giãn'/><title type='text'>Funny pictures, let enjoy and comment!</title><content type='html'>Tổng hợp các hình mắc cười nhất mà mình gom được trên mạng. Chúc các bạn vui vẻ!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5W6bu8s5I/AAAAAAAABSU/bxs0Q7inGo4/s1600-h/09.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 277px; height: 320px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5W6bu8s5I/AAAAAAAABSU/bxs0Q7inGo4/s320/09.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336298170357691282" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5WvorhlII/AAAAAAAABSM/ie10SkUdwPU/s1600-h/07.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 298px; height: 314px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5WvorhlII/AAAAAAAABSM/ie10SkUdwPU/s320/07.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336297984854430850" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5WpLo7gjI/AAAAAAAABSE/33PeKVab_pU/s1600-h/06.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 253px; height: 320px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5WpLo7gjI/AAAAAAAABSE/33PeKVab_pU/s320/06.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336297873979703858" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5WjfLh72I/AAAAAAAABR8/cuwpJCcrfbw/s1600-h/04.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 211px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5WjfLh72I/AAAAAAAABR8/cuwpJCcrfbw/s320/04.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336297776145887074" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5WeSgHfDI/AAAAAAAABR0/0g2lp8thOdg/s1600-h/02.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 198px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5WeSgHfDI/AAAAAAAABR0/0g2lp8thOdg/s320/02.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336297686843227186" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5WaEhmN0I/AAAAAAAABRs/I9CZGipYpgs/s1600-h/01.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 285px; height: 320px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5WaEhmN0I/AAAAAAAABRs/I9CZGipYpgs/s320/01.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336297614371862338" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5XasdkKRI/AAAAAAAABS0/IArZCTuTWSY/s1600-h/kanone.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 317px; height: 320px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5XasdkKRI/AAAAAAAABS0/IArZCTuTWSY/s320/kanone.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336298724603996434" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5XQCILWgI/AAAAAAAABSs/yYB2Jzc8WSU/s1600-h/anh-vuibiquyet.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5XQCILWgI/AAAAAAAABSs/yYB2Jzc8WSU/s320/anh-vuibiquyet.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336298541441309186" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5XEY_ZcGI/AAAAAAAABSk/saLO1L4PIc8/s1600-h/011.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 269px; height: 320px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5XEY_ZcGI/AAAAAAAABSk/saLO1L4PIc8/s320/011.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336298341420068962" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5W-kLG2wI/AAAAAAAABSc/tDeuMQgeTUk/s1600-h/010.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 247px; height: 320px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5W-kLG2wI/AAAAAAAABSc/tDeuMQgeTUk/s320/010.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336298241342757634" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-7217424014091441551?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/7217424014091441551/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/7217424014091441551'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/7217424014091441551'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post.html' title='Funny pictures, let enjoy and comment!'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5W6bu8s5I/AAAAAAAABSU/bxs0Q7inGo4/s72-c/09.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-382810591191355610</id><published>2009-05-15T21:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-15T21:41:27.740-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Câu phức hợp và đại từ quan hệ</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5Dd2zvilI/AAAAAAAABRk/Lq21FQ0x8LE/s1600-h/4194348ad092518ab6.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336276788688423506" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 166px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 181px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5Dd2zvilI/AAAAAAAABRk/Lq21FQ0x8LE/s320/4194348ad092518ab6.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tiếng Anh có 2 loại câu:- Câu đơn giản: là câu có 1 thành phần và chỉ cần như vậy câu cũng đã đủ nghĩa.- Câu phức hợp: là loại câu có 2 thành phần (2 mệnh đề) chính/phụ nối với nhau bằng một từ gọi là đại từ quan hệ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1 That và which làm chủ ngữ của mệnh đề phụ&lt;br /&gt;Nó đứng đầu câu phụ, thay thế cho danh từ bất động vật đứng trước nó và đóng vai trò chủ ngữ của câu phụ. Trong trường hợp này không thể lược bỏ that hoặc which:&lt;br /&gt;We bought the stereo that had been advertised at a reduced price.(We bought the stereo. It had been advertised at a reduced price)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. That và which làm tân ngữ của mệnh đề phụ&lt;br /&gt;Nó thay thế cho danh từ bất động vật đứng trước nó, mở đầu câu phụ nhưng đóng vai trò tân ngữ trong câu phụ. Trong trường hợp này có thể lược bỏ that hoặc which:&lt;br /&gt;George is going to buy the house (that) we have been thinking of buying.(George is going to buy a house. We have been thinking of buying it.)&lt;br /&gt;Người ta dùng that chứ không dùng which khi:+ Đứng trước nó là một tính từ so sánh bậc nhất + danh từThat is the best novel that has been written by this author.+ Khi đằng trước nó là một số các đại từ phiếm chỉ như all, some, any, anything, everything, much, little, nothing v.v..I want to see all that he possesses.All the apples that fall are eaten by pig.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3 Who làm chủ ngữ của mệnh đề phụ&lt;br /&gt;Nó thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc động vật đứng trước nó và đóng vai trò chủ ngữ của câu phụ. Trong trường hợp này không thể lược bỏ who:&lt;br /&gt;The man who is in this room is angry.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4 Whom làm tân ngữ của mệnh đề phụ&lt;br /&gt;Nó thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc động vật (động vật nuôi trong nhà) đứng trước nó và đóng trò tân ngữ của câu phụ; nó có thể bỏ đi được.&lt;br /&gt;The men (whom) I don't like are angry.&lt;br /&gt;Nếu whom làm tân ngữ của một ngữ động từ bao gồm 1 Verb + 1 giới từ thì lối viết chuẩn nhất là đưa giới từ đó lên trước whom.&lt;br /&gt;The man to whom you have just talked is the chairman of the company.&lt;br /&gt;Tuy nhiên nếu whom là tân ngữ của một ngữ động từ bao gồm 1 động từ + 2 giới từ thì 2 giới từ đó vẫn phải đứng đằng sau động từ.&lt;br /&gt;The man whom you are looking forward to is the chairman of the company.&lt;br /&gt;Không được dùng who thay cho whom trong văn viết dù nó được chấp nhận trong văn nói.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5 Mệnh đề phụ bắt buộc và không bắt buộc.&lt;br /&gt;5.1 Mệnh đề phụ bắt buộc.&lt;br /&gt;Là loại mệnh đề bắt buộc phải có mặt ở trong câu, nếu bỏ đi câu sẽ mất ý nghĩa ban đầu. Nên dùng that làm chủ ngữ cho loại câu này mặc dù which vẫn được chấp nhận. Câu phụ thường đứng xen vào giữa câu chính hoặc nối liền với câu chính và không tách rời khỏi nó bởi bất cứ dấu phảy nào. Trong ví dụ sau nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề phụ được gạch chân thì câu sẽ mang ý nghĩa hoàn toàn khác:&lt;br /&gt;Weeds that float to the surface should be removed before they decay.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.2 Mệnh đề phụ không bắt buộc&lt;br /&gt;Là loại mệnh đề mang thông tin phụ trong câu, nếu bỏ nó đi câu không mất nghĩa ban đầu. Không được dùng that làm chủ ngữ mà phải dùng which, cho dù which có là tân ngữ của mệnh đề phụ cũng không được phép bỏ nó đi. Câu phụ thường đứng chen vào giữa câu chính và bắt buộc phải tách khỏi câu chính bằng 2 dấu phẩy. Xét hai ví dụ sau:&lt;br /&gt;My car, which is very large, uses too much gasoline.This rum, which I bought in the Virgin Islands, is very smooth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.3 Tầm quan trọng của việc sử dụng dấu phẩy đối với mệnh đề phụ&lt;br /&gt;Ở những mệnh đề phụ bắt buộc, khi không dùng dấu phẩy tức là mệnh đề phụ xác định một giới hạn đối với danh từ đằng trước trong mệnh đề chính&lt;br /&gt;The travelers who knew about the flood took another road. (Những người biết về trận lũ đều chọn đường khác)The wine that was stored in the cellar was ruined.&lt;br /&gt;Đối với những mệnh đề phụ không bắt buộc, khi có dấu phẩy ngăn cách thì nó không xác định giới hạn đối với danh từ đứng trước nó.&lt;br /&gt;The travelers, who knew about the flood, took another road. (Tất cả những người...)The wine, which was stored in the cellar, was ruined.&lt;br /&gt;Note: Các nguyên tắc trên đây chỉ dùng trong văn viết, không dùng trong văn nói. Lỗi ngữ pháp của TOEFL không tính đến mệnh đề phụ bắt buộc nhưng sẽ trừ điểm nếu phạm phải lỗi mệnh đề phụ không bắt buộc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Cách sử dụng All, Both, Some, Several, Most, Few + Of + Whom/ Which&lt;br /&gt;Her sons, both of whom are working abroad, call her every week. (không được nói both of them)The buses, most of which were full of passengers, began to pull out.&lt;br /&gt;Tuyệt đối không được dùng đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ: them, us trong trường hợp này.&lt;br /&gt;- What (the things that) có thể làm tân ngữ cho mệnh đề phụ cùng lúc làm chủ ngữ cho mệnh đề chính/ hoặc làm chủ ngữ của cả 2 mệnh đề chính, phụ:&lt;br /&gt;What we have expected is the result of the test.What happened to him yesterday might happen to us tomorrow.&lt;br /&gt;- Whose (của người mà, của con mà) có thể thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc động vật ở trước nó và chỉ sự sở hữu của người hoặc động vật đó đối với danh từ đi sau.&lt;br /&gt;James, whose father is the president of the company, has received a promotion.&lt;br /&gt;Trong lối văn viết trang trọng nên dùng of which để thay thế cho danh từ bất động vật mặc dù whose vẫn được chấp nhận.&lt;br /&gt;Savings account, of which interest rate is quite hight, is very common now. (of which = whose)&lt;br /&gt;Hoặc dùng with + noun/ noun phrase thay cho whose&lt;br /&gt;A house whose walls were made of glass is easy to break = A house with glass walls is easyto break.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Cách loại bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong mệnh đề phụ&lt;br /&gt;Đối với những mệnh đề phụ bắt buộc người ta có thể (không bắt buộc) loại bỏ đại từ quan hệ và động từ to be (cùng với các trợ động từ của nó) trong một số trường hợp sau:&lt;br /&gt;Trước một mệnh đề phụ mà cấu trúc động từ ở thời bị động.This is the value of X (which was) obtained from the areas under the normal curve.&lt;br /&gt;Trước một mệnh đề phụ mà sau nó là một ngữ giới từ.The beaker (that is) on the counter contains a solution.&lt;br /&gt;Trước một cấu trúc động từ ở thể tiếp diễn.The girl (who is) running down the street might be in trouble.&lt;br /&gt;Ngoài ra trong một số trường hợp khi đại từ quan hệ trong mệnh đề phụ bắt buộc gắn liền với chủ ngữ đứng trước nó và mệnh đề phụ ấy diễn đạt qui luật của sự kiện, người ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ và động từ chính để thay vào đó bằng một Verb-ing.The travelers taking (who take) this bus on a daily basis buy their ticket in booking.&lt;br /&gt;Trong những mệnh đề phụ không bắt buộc người ta cũng có thể loại bỏ đại từ quan hệ và động từ to be khi nó đứng trước một ngữ danh từ. Tuy nhiên phần ngữ danh từ còn lại vẫn phải đứng giữa 2 dấu phẩy.Mr Jackson, (who is) a professor, is traveling in the Mideast this year.&lt;br /&gt;Một trường hợp khác rất phổ biến là loại bỏ đại từ quan hệ và động từ chính, thay vào đó bằng một Verb-ing khi mệnh đề phụ này bổ nghĩa cho một tân ngữ.The president made a speech for the famous man visiting (who visited) him.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-382810591191355610?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/382810591191355610/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/tieng-anh-co-2-loai-cau-cau-on-gian-la.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/382810591191355610'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/382810591191355610'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/tieng-anh-co-2-loai-cau-cau-on-gian-la.html' title='Câu phức hợp và đại từ quan hệ'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sg5Dd2zvilI/AAAAAAAABRk/Lq21FQ0x8LE/s72-c/4194348ad092518ab6.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-4796393525388841240</id><published>2009-05-15T21:11:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-15T21:15:07.876-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Một số cấu trúc cầu khiến (causative)</title><content type='html'>1.&lt;br /&gt;To have sb do sth = to get sb to do sth = Sai ai, khiến ai, bảo ai làm gì&lt;br /&gt;I’ll have Peter fix my car.&lt;br /&gt;I’ll get Peter to fix my car.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.&lt;br /&gt;To have/to get sth done = làm một việc gì bằng cách thuê người khác&lt;br /&gt;I have my hair cut. (Tôi đi cắt tóc - chứ không phải tôi tự cắt)&lt;br /&gt;I have my car washed. (Tôi mang xe đi rửa ngoài dịch vụ - không phải tự rửa)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Theo khuynh hướng này động từ to want và would like cũng có thể dùng với mẫu câu như vậy: To want/ would like Sth done. (Ít dùng)&lt;br /&gt;I want/ would like my car washed.&lt;br /&gt;Câu hỏi dùng cho loại mẫu câu này là: What do you want done to Sth?&lt;br /&gt;What do you want done to your car?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.&lt;br /&gt;To make sb do sth = to force sb to do sth = Bắt buộc ai phải làm gì&lt;br /&gt;The bank robbers made the manager give them all the money.&lt;br /&gt;The bank robbers forced the manager to give them all the money.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Đằng sau tân ngữ của make còn có thể dùng 1 tính từ: To make sb/sth + adj&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wearing flowers made her more beautiful.&lt;br /&gt;Chemical treatment will make this wood more durable&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.1 To make sb + P2 = làm cho ai bị làm sao&lt;br /&gt;Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.2 To cause sth + P2 = làm cho cái gì bị làm sao&lt;br /&gt;The big thunder storm caused many waterfront houses damaged.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nếu tân ngữ của make là một động từ nguyên thể thì phải đặt it giữa make và tính từ, đặt động từ ra phía đằng sau: make it + adj + V as object.&lt;br /&gt;The wire service made it possible to collect and distribute news faster and cheaper.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tuy nhiên nếu tân ngữ của make là 1 danh từ hay 1 ngữ danh từ thì không được đặt it giữa make và tính từ: Make + adj + noun/ noun phrase.&lt;br /&gt;The wire service made possible much speedier collection and distribution of news.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.&lt;br /&gt;To let sb do sth = to permit/allow sb to do sth = để cho ai, cho phép ai làm gì&lt;br /&gt;I let me go.&lt;br /&gt;At first, she didn’t allow me to kiss her but...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.&lt;br /&gt;To help sb to do sth/do sth = Giúp ai làm gì&lt;br /&gt;Please help me to throw this table away.&lt;br /&gt;She helps me open the door.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nếu tân ngữ của help là một đại từ vô nhân xưng mang nghĩa người ta thì không cần phải nhắc đến tân ngữ đó và bỏ luôn cả to của động từ đằng sau.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This wonder drug will help (people to) recover more quickly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nếu tân ngữ của help và tân ngữ của động từ sau nó trùng hợp với nhau, người ta sẽ bỏ tân ngữ sau help và bỏ luôn cả to của động từ đằng sau.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The body fat of the bear will help (him to) keep him alive during hibernation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7.&lt;br /&gt;Ba động từ đặc biệt: see, watch, hear&lt;br /&gt;Đó là những động từ mà ngữ nghĩa của chúng sẽ thay đổi đôi chút khi động từ sau tân ngữ của chúng ở các dạng khác nhau.&lt;br /&gt;+ To see/to watch/ to hear sb/sth do sth (hành động được chứng kiến từ đầu đến cuối)&lt;br /&gt;I heard the telephone ring and then John answered it.&lt;br /&gt;+ To see/to watch/ to hear sb/sth doing sth (hành động không được chứng kiến trọn vẹn mà chỉ ở một thời điểm)&lt;br /&gt;I heard her singing at the time I came home. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-4796393525388841240?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/4796393525388841240/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/mot-so-cau-truc-cau-khien-causative.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/4796393525388841240'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/4796393525388841240'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/mot-so-cau-truc-cau-khien-causative.html' title='Một số cấu trúc cầu khiến (causative)'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-4798483355704826044</id><published>2009-05-13T22:52:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-15T21:15:31.617-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Khoa học và cuộc sống'/><title type='text'>‘Nửa kia của Hitler’ giả định về một chân dung thực</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sgux31QTmuI/AAAAAAAABQ8/wKVyT4S6y8U/s1600-h/1218889257_img.jpg"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335553756296878818" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 200px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 293px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sgux31QTmuI/AAAAAAAABQ8/wKVyT4S6y8U/s320/1218889257_img.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Từ giả thiết: Điều gì xảy ra nếu Adolf Hitler, tên độc tài phát xít của thế kỷ 20, trúng tuyển ĐH Mỹ thuật Viên?, cuốn tiểu thuyết của Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt là cách hình dung lịch sử thế giới từ một số phận cá nhân.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ở tuổi 20, Adolf Hitler &amp;shy;nuôi giấc mộng trở thành họa sĩ. Nhưng sau hai lần bị Đại học Mỹ thuật Viên đánh trượt, Hitler trở thành gã lông bông, nay đây mai đó rồi dần dà tìm được chỗ đứng, trở thành một “con quái vật” khổng lồ của nhân loại nhờ cuộc thế chiến I. Đó là những dòng tiểu sử mà bất cứ ai muốn tìm hiểu đều có thể dễ dàng biết được về một dị nhân của thế kỷ 20, nỗi ám ảnh khôn nguôi của người Do Thái. Đó cũng là căn cứ để tiểu thuyết gia người Pháp bắt đầu một câu chuyện chỉ có trong tưởng tượng.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nửa kia của Hitler (nguyên tác La part de l’autre) dựng lên hai chân dung song song và đối lập: Adolf H. và Hitler. Cuộc đời hai con người này bị rẽ đôi bởi một quyết định của Đại học Mỹ thuật Viên. Adolf H. trúng tuyển còn Adolf Hitler. trượt. Adolf H. trở thành một họa sĩ tài danh, kết bạn cùng những họa sĩ nổi tiếng như Picasso, André Breton… , tận hưởng cuộc đời bình thường với những người tình và kết thúc sự sống bên cạnh những người thân. Còn Adolf Hitler dần dà căm phẫn cuộc đời, khước từ những mối quan hệ nhân bản với con người và trở thành gã độc tài đồng trinh. Nửa kia của Hitler như một cỗ máy thời gian, giúp người đọc có cơ hội sắp đặt lại lịch sử chỉ bằng cách hình dung: Điều gì sẽ xảy ra nếu Adolf Hitler cũng như Adolf trúng tuyển Đại học Mỹ thuật Viên? Giả định đó liệu sẽ tác động thế nào đến Thế chiến II, đến cuộc đại đồ sát dân Do Thái, đến số phận của nhà nước Israel…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tình huống của Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt khiến độc giả bất chợt nhận ra, thế giới rộng lớn với hàng tỷ con người thực ra là một mối liên kết vững chắc và đầy phụ thuộc lẫn nhau. Một sự cố nhỏ xảy ra với một cá nhân - một mắt xích của vũ trụ hoàn toàn có thể xô lệch cả khối kết cấu. Nhưng ở tầng triết lý sâu hơn, Schmitt thêm một lần nữa dấn thân đi tìm câu trả lời cho những câu hỏi: Điều gì tạo nên con quái vật Hitler? Môi trường, sự ngẫu nhiên của số phận hay cá tính, sự lựa chọn có tính toán của một cá nhân đối với cuộc đời mình. Chính nhà văn khẳng định: “Tôi đặt tên cho tác phẩm là La part de l’autre vì tác phẩm nói đến Hitler và nửa kia của y là Adolf H. Nhưng tên tác phẩm còn mang một ý nghĩa thứ hai đậm màu triết học. Hitler thật tự giam chặt mình, không giao tiếp với ai, trở thành một nhà kiến thiết lãnh đạm với tất cả những gì ngoài mình. Trong khi Adolf H., nhân vật tưởng tượng, lại mở lòng mình tiếp nhận người khác, anh ta sống cuộc sống của nửa kia một cách rất con người với tình dục, tình yêu, tình phụ tử, giảng dạy và cái chết… Adolf H. mở lòng ra với mọi người, Hitler thao túng người đời, Adolf H. để người đời chiếm một vị trí ngày càng lớn trong cuộc đời mình. Hitler say sưa với những điều y tin chắc, Adolf H bị sự nghi ngờ dày vò; Hitler cho mình là người xuất chúng, Adolf H. nhận ra rằng mình rất tầm thường”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt sinh năm 1960 tại Lyon, là một trong những tiểu thuyết gia ăn khách của Pháp. Ngoài tiểu thuyết, ông còn là một kịch tác gia với những vở kịch hài hước, giàu màu sắc triết học. Văn của ông không kén độc giả bởi nhà văn chủ trương lối viết vừa chiều được giới độc giả tinh hoa bằng những tư tưởng triết học sâu sắc; vừa cuốn hút lớp độc giả bình dân với những cốt truyện giàu chi tiết, giàu tính hài hước. Hiện ông sống và làm việc tại Bỉ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tác phẩm được dịch giả trẻ Nguyễn Đình Thành chuyển ngữ sang tiếng Việt. Dịch giả cho biết: “Tôi coi đây là một thử thách, một bài tập lớn cho chính mình. Để có được một bản dịch nghiêm túc, tôi đã phải đọc rất nhiều tác phẩm của Schmitt, để có được cái nhìn hệ thống về sáng tác của ông, tham khảo hàng loạt sách về chiến tranh và cầu kiến những người làm trong ngành hội họa”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Với cách nhìn của một người yêu văn chương, anh nhận định: “Tứ truyện giả định cùng lối kể pha trộn giữa hiện thực và hư cấu mà Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt sử dụng không phải là những thủ pháp mới trong đời sống văn học, nhưng tài năng của tác giả thể hiện ở tầm kiến văn rộng, khả năng kể chuyện hấp dẫn, mang đến cho người đọc nhiều nhận thức mới từ những chất liệu đã cũ”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sách do công ty Nhã Nam và NXB Hội nhà văn ấn hành. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-4798483355704826044?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/4798483355704826044/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/nua-kia-cua-hitler-gia-inh-ve-mot-chan.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/4798483355704826044'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/4798483355704826044'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/nua-kia-cua-hitler-gia-inh-ve-mot-chan.html' title='‘Nửa kia của Hitler’ giả định về một chân dung thực'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Sgux31QTmuI/AAAAAAAABQ8/wKVyT4S6y8U/s72-c/1218889257_img.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-892065535757185041</id><published>2009-05-13T22:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-15T21:15:52.770-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Công nghệ hóa học'/><title type='text'>Liti trong sản xuất và đời sống</title><content type='html'>&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;color:#666666;"&gt;Các bạn có biết kim loại Li ti đứng đầu nhóm kim loại kiềm và nhẹ nhất có công dụng gì trong cuộc sống không?&lt;br /&gt;Khi cho thêm Liti và hợp chất của Liti vào thuỷ tinh thì có thể làm tăng cường độ và tính bền của thuỷ tinh, tăng cường tính quang học, có điện trở suất cao, có thể chịu được sự ăn mòn của axit, kiềm, sự nở vì nhiệt cũng không gây nguy hiểm lớn, thường được sử dụng trong công nghiệp hoá học và các dụng cụ quang học. &lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Liti có thể làm giảm nhiệt độ nung kết, rút ngắn thời gian sản xuất. Nâng cao tính chịu mài mòn, ăn mòn, làm cho đồ sứ có bề mặt nhẵn, bóng, chế phẩm càng chắc bền, khi nhiệt độ có những biến hoá mãnh liệt cũng không bị biến dạng hoặc nứt vỡ. Đem lớp sứ chứa Liti lót lên trên bề mặt sắt thép, nhôm, magiê... thì sẽ hình thành một tầng lót vừa mỏng vừa nhẹ, bóng nhẵn lại chịu nhiệt, có thể dùng làm buồng đốt nhiên liệu cho máy phun khí, tầng bảo vệ ở vỏ ngoài của tên lửa, đạn đạo...&lt;br /&gt;Trong các bệnh viện, các cơ sở công cộng, nhà máy, xí nghiệp, thậm chí ngay trong tàu ngầm, dùng máy lạnh, sử dụng Bromua Liti để chống chế không khí có thể tạo nên môi trường dễ chịu, mát mẻ...&lt;br /&gt;Trong các nghành sản xuất của công nghiệp cơ khí cũng có thể tìm thấy “dấu tích“ của Liti. Mọi người đều biết rằng các loại máy to, nhỏ đủ kiểu cũng đều cần dùng chất bôi trơn mà cho thêm hợp chất của Liti thì có thể cải thiện đáng kể hiệu năng bôi trơn, tiết kiệm lượng dùng dầu mỡ, giảm bớt mài mòn các linh kiện, kéo dài tuổi thọ của các máy móc. Các chất bôi trơn thông thường tương đối “khó tính”, nóng thì bay hơi, lạnh thì đông kết lại. Nhưng dùng vật liệu bôi trơn đặc chủng chế thành từ hợp chất của Liti thì lại chịu được tình trạng nóng, lạnh nói trên: ở nhiệt độ thấp - 500C cũng không bị đông kết, ở nhiệt độ cao khoảng 2000C, mà không bị biến thành khí. Trong vùng giá băng địa cực hay ở vùng nhiệt đới xích đạo nóng như thiêu như đốt, chúng đều hoạt động bình thường, hiện nay nó được sử dụng trở thành phổ biến trong các máy đo trang thiết bị cơ giới của nghành hàng không, động lực, luyện kim. Có người gọi đó là: “chất bôi trơn loại vĩnh cửu”.&lt;br /&gt;Liti kết hợp với Hydrô thành Liti hidrua ở dạng bột màu trắng. Loại bột này gặp nước là phát sinh phản ứng hoá học mãnh liệt tạo ra lượng lớn Hydro. Sau khi phân giải, 2kg Liti Hydrua có thể tạo thành 5664lít khí Hydro. Quả thực, Liti Hydrua không thẹn với cái tên: “Nhà máy sản xuất Hydro”, lúc cần nó có thể phát huy tác dụng cứu sinh như dùng viên Litihydrua để sản suất Hydro đưa vào áo nổi , phao nổi....&lt;br /&gt;Lợi dụng tính dễ kết hợp với các phi kim và các tạp chất như than, các chất silicat, nghành luyện kim dùng nó để trừ khử các khí, lưu huỳnh, cacbon ...làm cho sản phẩm càng sít đặc, bền chắc. Chỉ cần cho thêm vào mấy phần vạn hay tới mấy phần mười vạn Liti là có thể nhận ra hiệu quả rõ rệt. Ví dụ như cho thêm Liti vào Đồng thì Đồng càng thêm sít đặc, nâng cao cường độ cơ giới, cũng tăng cường khả năng dẫn điện của nó ...&lt;br /&gt;Liti cùng với Nhôm, Magiê, Bơili hợp tác tạo nên hợp kim vừa bền, vừa chịu va đập tốt dùng trong chế tạo đạn đạo, hoả tiễn, máy bay....&lt;br /&gt;Hợp chất của Liti trong ngành công nghiệp dệt cũng phát huy vai trò làm cho sản phẩm xenlulozo có màu sắc tươi đẹp hơn...&lt;br /&gt;Trong nông nghiệp, muối Liti được dùng làm một số loại phân bón có tác dụng làm tăng khả năng kháng bệnh của nhiều loại nông sản như: lúa, dứa, bông, cây ăn quả...&lt;br /&gt;Từ năm 1817 khi nhà khoa học người Thuỵ Điển L.Apuetron lần đầu tiên nhận biết và tìm ra thì Liti chỉ là đối tượng trong phòng thí nghiệm, thì nay Liti đã phát huy tác dụng to lớn của mình trong sản xuất và đời sống hằng ngày của chúng ta.&lt;br /&gt;Vũ Công Phong(Biên soạn)hoahocvietnam.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-892065535757185041?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/892065535757185041/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/liti-trong-san-xuat-va-oi-song.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/892065535757185041'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/892065535757185041'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/liti-trong-san-xuat-va-oi-song.html' title='Liti trong sản xuất và đời sống'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-1961809236717328844</id><published>2009-05-13T22:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-15T21:16:18.204-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Khoa học và cuộc sống'/><title type='text'>Não bộ có thể nhận ra các vật thể nhanh hơn nhiều người vẫn nghĩ</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000066;"&gt;&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;ão người bỏ xa máy tính về khả năng nhận ra các khuôn mặt và các vật thể, với các mức độ khó dễ khác nhau về kích thước, màu sắc, hướng, điều kiện ánh sáng và các nhân tố khác. Tuy nhiên, người ta vẫn chưa biết nhiều về việc não của chúng ta tiến hành quá trình xử lí hình ảnh này như thế nào.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Các nhà nghiên cứu tại Bệnh viện Trẻ em Boston, với việc tận dụng bản đồ não ở các bệnh nhân sắp được tiến hành phẫu thuật vì chứng động kinh, lần đầu tiên đã chứng minh được rằng não người, ngay ở giai đoạn xử lí ban đầu, có thể nhận ra các vật thể dưới các điều kiện khác nhau một cách nhanh chóng. Phát hiện này đã được đăng tải trên tờ Neuron số ngày 30/4.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Các dòng thông tin hình ảnh từ võng mạc mắt, qua một hệ thống khu xử lí hình ảnh trong não, cuối cùng đến thùy thái dương. Thùy thái dương, nơi chịu trách nhiệm cuối cùng về khả năng nhận biết hình ảnh, lại đưa tín hiệu trở lại cho các khu vực xử lí trước đó. Sự trao đổi qua lại này giúp củng cố quá trình nhận thức hình ảnh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Điều còn chưa hoàn toàn rõ ràng là mức độ đóng góp của mỗi phần tín hiệu, tín hiệu truyền đến hay tín hiệu truyền lại,” tiến sĩ Gabriel Kreiman thuộc khoa Mắt bệnh viện Trẻ em Boston, nhà điều tra cấp cao của nghiên cứu cho biết. “Một số người cho rằng nếu như bạn không có thông tin phản hồi thì bạn sẽ không có hình ảnh. Nhưng chúng tôi đã chỉ ra rằng đã có một làn sóng hoạt động bước đầu có thể đem lại những ấn tượng mạnh mẽ ngay từ đầu.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mặc dù thông tin phản hồi từ các vùng não cao hơn có thể xuất hiện sau đó, và thường thông tin này rất quan trọng, nhưng quá trình xử lí hình ảnh nhanh chóng sẽ mang lại lợi thế trong những tình huống nguy cấp, ví dụ như khi phải đối diện với dã thú chẳng hạn, Kreiman cho biết.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Các nghiên cứu được tiến hành trước đây dựa vào điều tra không can thiệp não, tức không dùng đến các điện cực đặt trên da đầu cũng như các kỹ thuật chụp hình ảnh, do vậy chúng thu được kết quả về hoạt động của não qua từng khoảng thời gian vài giây một – chậm hơn đáng kể so với tốc độ xử lí thực tế của não. Hơn nữa, những kỹ thuật này chỉ thu thập được dữ liệu từ những vùng não chung chung. Với việc đặt các điện cực trực tiếp lên não, các nhà nghiên cứu bệnh viện Trẻ Em sẽ có được dữ liệu ở những thời điểm chính xác, nhận về tín hiệu trong 1/10 giây sau khi xuất hiện tác nhân hình ảnh – và điều tra được hoạt động não ở từng vùng cụ thể.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:times new roman;color:#000066;"&gt;Khi hoạt động của não được ghi lại, các hình ảnh hiện ra là 5 nhóm vật thể, với 5 ví dụ mỗi loại. Mỗi vật thể này có một kích cỡ và hướng riêng. (Ảnh: Gabriel Kreiman, Tiến sỹ, Bệnh Viện Trẻ Em Boston)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kreiman đã hợp tác với nhà giải phẫu thần kinh, bác sĩ nhãn khoa Josepth Madsen ở bệnh viện Trẻ em; ông này từng lập một bản đồ não ở các bệnh nhân động kinh – một quá trình giúp đảm bảo rằng ca phẫu thuật loại bỏ các mô não bị phá hủy sẽ không làm tổn hại các chức năng thiết yếu của não. Nhóm của hai ông đã cấy các điện cực vào trong não của 11 thanh thiếu niên và người trẻ tuổi mắc chứng động kinh (mỗi bệnh nhân được cấy từ 48 tới 126 điện cực) ở các vùng mà người ta là nơi bắt đầu của các cơn động kinh. Trong khi điện cực ghi lại các hoạt động của não, bệnh nhân được cho xem các hình ảnh khác nhau về kích cỡ và góc quay; những hình ảnh này được chia thành 5 nhóm: động vật, ghế, mặt người, trái cây, phương tiện đi lại.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kết quả ghi lại cho thấy các vùng hình ảnh nhất định trên vỏ não sẽ nhận ra từng nhóm hình ảnh, phản ứng này mạnh và nhất quán tới mức chỉ cần kiểm tra tín hiệu từ các khu thần kinh, người nghiên cứu đã có thể sử dụng các thuật toán để quyết định xem bệnh nhân đang nhìn thấy gì.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kreiman và Madsen hiện đang mở rộng nghiên cứu với việc cho các bệnh nhân xem phim, bởi xem phim giống với cách chúng ta nhìn thấy hình ảnh trong đời sống thực hơn. Mỗi bệnh nhân được phép chọn một bộ phim yêu thích, do vậy nhóm Kreiman phải phân tích nội dung hình ảnh của từng khung hình, rồi sau đó liên kết những dữ liệu đó với các hoạt động của não bệnh nhân.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vậy tại sao lại phải nghiên cứu quá trình xử lí hình ảnh theo cách này? Kreiman nghĩ tới việc sử dụng những thuật toán hình ảnh phát hiện ở người để “dạy” cho máy tính biết cách nhìn như con người, từ đó chúng có thể giúp ích trong các ứng dụng thực tế như chỉ ra kẻ khủng bố trên máy bay, giúp người lái xe tránh va chạm với những người đi bộ khó quan sát thấy trên đường, hay phân tích các mẫu khối u để tìm ra khối u ác tính. Một ứng dụng xa trong tương lai nữa là thiết kế được một máy tính – não cho phép những người không nhìn được có thể phần nào nhận biết hình ảnh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suốt một thập kỉ qua, Kreiman và Itzhak Fried, tiến sỹ, bác sỹ y khoa thuộc đại học California tại Los Angeles (UCLA) đã nghiên cứu về mã ngư, phần não trước có liên quan tới trí nhớ, và đã tìm ra các tế bào não đơn lẻ phản ứng nhất quán khi một người được nhìn các hình ảnh cụ thể như ảnh Jenifer Aniston và Bill Clinton. Kreiman hiện đang quan tâm tới phần khám phá tiếp theo về mối quan hệ giữa xử lí hình ảnh và trí nhớ, và sẽ đưa những kiến thức sinh lí học thành các thuật toán máy tính.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nghiên cứu hiện tại được tài trợ kinh phí bởi Quỹ Tài trợ Nghiên cứu Động kinh, Quỹ tài trợ của Chính phủ, Quỹ Klingenstein và Quỹ Nhãn khoa của Bệnh viện Trẻ em Boston.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tài liệu tham khảo:&lt;br /&gt;Liu H; et al. Timing, timing, timing: Fast decoding of object information from intracranial field potentials in human visual cortex. Neuron, (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.02.025&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;G2V Star (Theo ScienceDaily)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-1961809236717328844?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/1961809236717328844/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/nao-bo-co-nhan-ra-cac-vat-nhanh-hon.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1961809236717328844'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1961809236717328844'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/nao-bo-co-nhan-ra-cac-vat-nhanh-hon.html' title='Não bộ có thể nhận ra các vật thể nhanh hơn nhiều người vẫn nghĩ'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-8740250659051000326</id><published>2009-05-13T20:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T20:56:39.081-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cuộc sống'/><title type='text'>I Get Dizzy Just Thinking About It - IQ test</title><content type='html'>Test 1&lt;br /&gt;What day is two days before the day after the day three days after the day before Tuesday?&lt;br /&gt;Test 2&lt;br /&gt;Nine nickels and a traditional balance are lying in front of you. All nickels have the same weight except for one counterfeit, which is slightly heavier than the others. What is the minimum number of times you expect to use the balance to guarantee you've found the counterfeit nickel? Please explain the process you would take. &lt;br /&gt;Test 3&lt;br /&gt;There is a bottle contains 9 litters of oil, with 3-litter and 5-litter bottles how could you take out 7 litter? Pls explain the process you would take.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-8740250659051000326?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/8740250659051000326/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/i-get-dizzy-just-thinking-about-it.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8740250659051000326'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8740250659051000326'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/i-get-dizzy-just-thinking-about-it.html' title='I Get Dizzy Just Thinking About It - IQ test'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-8553659404782383637</id><published>2009-05-12T03:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:07:13.878-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Cấu trúc RELATIVE với giới từ đứng trước</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003300;"&gt;&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;rong bài này chúng ta lại ôn về cấu trúc RELATIVE với giới từ đứng trước .&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ : This is the house .I live in it .&lt;br /&gt;=&gt; This is the house in which I live .&lt;br /&gt;Giới từ in bình thường ở sau động từ live nhưng ta cũng có thể đem nó ra trước which .Bài này người ta luyện cho mình cách sử dụng công thức này .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cần nhớ là chỉ có WHICH và WHOM mới có thể đi sau giới từ ,còn các chữ khác như THAT ,WHOSE .. thì không thể .&lt;br /&gt;This is the chair .I sit on it .&lt;br /&gt;=&gt; This is the chair on that I sit . ( sai )&lt;br /&gt;=&gt; This is the chair on which I sit . ( đúng )&lt;br /&gt;Các bạn cũng chú ý các cụm từ chỉ định lượng đi với of : both of ,none of ,one of ,two of ,neither of ,most of ..... phải đem cả cụm ra trước which ,whom&lt;br /&gt;I have many dogs . You like none of them&lt;br /&gt;=&gt; I have many dogs none of which You like .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trong cấu trúc này các bạn sẽ gặp những giới từ không thể đem ra phía trước .Đó là trừong hợp giới từ đó hợp với động từ thành một cụm động từ dính liền nên ta không thể tách rời chúng được .&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ như : Come across ( tình cờ gặp ) ,look after ( chăm sóc ), put up with ( chịu đựng ) ,give up ( từ bỏ )....&lt;br /&gt;This is the man .I came across him yesterday&lt;br /&gt;=&gt; This is the man across whom I came yesterday (sai )&lt;br /&gt;=&gt; This is the man whom I came across yesterday (đúng )&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-8553659404782383637?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/8553659404782383637/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/cau-truc-relative-voi-gioi-tu-ung-truoc_12.html#comment-form' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8553659404782383637'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8553659404782383637'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/cau-truc-relative-voi-gioi-tu-ung-truoc_12.html' title='Cấu trúc RELATIVE với giới từ đứng trước'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-1019004296354314865</id><published>2009-05-09T01:03:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:07:41.116-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>10 chú ý khi viết thư tình</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;span class="dropcaps"&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;he most thoughtful present that can be given to your beloved is a love letter. Your true feelings can be better expressed by putting them down in words. But does the thought of writing a love letter bring back memories of Grade 3 English classes? Fear not, for we bring you 10 best love letter ideas to surprise your beloved. These popular love letter ideas will equip you better to pour your heart out in the traditional style of expressing your love. Read further to get ideas for writing love letters.&lt;br /&gt;1. The best idea is to write a letter that sounds like fairytale. Begin with the typical, "once upon a time…" and write the incidents that are memorable. Make a fantasy tale out of these sweet memories of yours and place it in a location where you are sure your beloved will find it. Do not forget to spray her favorite perfume on it.&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Another idea is to write the story of a movie that is a favorite of both of you. Instead of the actors, write your and your beloved's name.&lt;br /&gt;3. Close your eyes. Take deep breaths. Visualize your beloved. The first time you met. The first time you hung out together. The first time he/she held you close. The first time he/she cried in front of you. Now relax. Write down what you feel about him/her after being close for a good amount of time. This love letter is emotional, heartfelt and most importantly, genuine.&lt;br /&gt;4. You can write a love letter based on your lover's prime interests. Is he a techie guy? Is she into fine arts? Write accordingly. You can even give nicknames associated with that interest. If the guy is into sports say basketball, he wouldn't mind being called Michael Jordan! Similarly if the girl is a die-hard dancing fanatic, you can name her Shakira! Write what is it that attracts you to him/her. The way he gives a stolen glance even during the most nail biting slam-dunk during his favorite game or the way she winks at you while practicing her moves.&lt;br /&gt;5. If you still cant write one and have problems expressing your love on paper, no problems. You can always give an audio love letter. Record your voice and make it sound as though you are drunk on love. It may sound a bit exaggerated, but this is how true feelings come out. Give soft background music. You can do it yourself or get help from professionals or friends who know about sound mixing.&lt;br /&gt;6. Humor breaks all barriers. Believe it or not, the same can be applied to love. Yes, write a humorous love letter. But remember, there is a difference between sarcasm and humor. Keep that in mind and you can definitely write a funny love letter.&lt;br /&gt;7. Write a love letter that looks like a things-to-do list. Begin with a sentence like "10 reasons why I love you" and write down your reasons in points. Don't forget to make small hearts in the corners just to make it look a bit different from a real things-to-do list! Stick it on the fridge or some place where your beloved is sure to find it.&lt;br /&gt;8. Write some of the mushiest dialogues from famous movies. The movies may be classics (Casablanca, Gone with the Wind) and the more modern ones (Jerry Maguire).&lt;br /&gt;9. Write a famous love song and dedicate it to your beloved. You can find lyrics of some romantic songs in our section of romantic songs, or you can write his/her favorite song.&lt;br /&gt;10. Last and the most important. Do not email or sms your love letter. It is the most emotionless thing to do. Write it in your handwriting on a perfumed sheet of paper. Use your creativity to make it look nice and romantic. Your beloved will love you even more for this.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-1019004296354314865?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/1019004296354314865/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/10-chu-y-khi-viet-thu-tinh.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1019004296354314865'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1019004296354314865'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/10-chu-y-khi-viet-thu-tinh.html' title='10 chú ý khi viết thư tình'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-1499699868001013655</id><published>2009-05-09T01:03:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:08:25.205-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Haste makes waste</title><content type='html'>Trong cuộc sống, có khi nào bạn phải trả giá cho những quyết định quá nóng vội dẫn đến sai lầm? Có khi nào bạn tự nhủ “giá như mình đã cẩn thận hơn”? Có một thành ngữ tiếng Anh khá hay nói về vấn đề này: Haste makes waste. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Haste makes waste nói với chúng ta rằng khi chúng ta hành động quá nhanh (haste) thì chúng ta sẽ thường mắc lỗi và kết quả không được tốt (waste). Danh từ waste mang nghĩa sự phung phí thời gian, tiền bạc… (the squandering of time, money). Câu tục ngữ này tương đương với câu Dục tốc bất đạt hoặc hiểu nôm na là Đừng có nhanh nhẩu đoảng.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * "Most spelling mistakes are the result of going too fast and not checking your work; haste makes waste. (Phần lớn những lỗi chính tả đều là do làm nhanh và không soát lại bài theo kiểu nhanh nhẩu đoảng).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Haste makes waste muốn nhắc nhở một điều rằng tốt hơn hết chúng ta nên làm mọi thứ một cách cẩn thận còn hơn nhanh nhẩu đoảng (It is better to do things carefully than to do them quickly and carelessly) bởi khi ai đó quá vội vã thì người đó dễ làm hỏng việc và lại phải mất thêm rất nhiều chi phí khác như tiền bạc, thời gian… để làm lại mọi thứ từ đầu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * I want you kids to take your time doing your homework tonight; haste makes waste! (Cô muốn các con dành nhiều thời gian để làm cẩn thận bài về nhà tối nay; nhớ là không được nhanh nhẩu đoảng nhé!)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Câu thành ngữ này được ghi chép lại trong cuốn sưu tập thành ngữ tục ngữ của tác giả John Ray xuất bản năm 1678, và được chép nguyên văn với bản gốc được tìm thấy vào năm 1575 của nó: “Haste makes waste, and waste makes want, and want makes strife between the good man and his wife".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Một bản sao khác của câu nói này trong kho tàng thành ngữ tục ngữ Trung Hoa có dạng: “A hasty man drinks his tea with a fork”. (Người nóng vội thường uống trà bằng dĩa). Hãy đọc mẩu chuyện vui dưới đây:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A: Jaques, I wanted you not to be in such a hurry to clear those dirty dishes off the tables. Now look what you did!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Jaques, anh không thích em cứ vội vội vàng vàng để rồi đánh đổ đống bát đĩa bẩn đó khỏi bàn. Nhìn xem em đã làm gì kìa!)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B: OK. So I slipped and dropped all the plates. Don’t get so upset. I’ll clean up the mess.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Được rồi. Em đã trượt chân và làm rơi đống đĩa đó. Đừng có giận giữ quá như thế. Rồi em sẽ dọn sạch mà).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A: That’s not the point. How many times do I have to tell you that haste makes waste.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Đấy không phải là những gì anh muốn nói. Anh đã nói với em bao nhiêu lần rồi, đừng có nhanh nhẩu đoảng chứ!)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B: I’ll admit that hurrying often creates problems that must be solved, but this is really wasn’t my fault. The floor was slippery.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Em thừa nhận là nhanh nhẩu thường dẫn đến những vấn đề phải giải quyết. Nhưng thực sự đây ko phải lỗi của em. Sàn nhà trơn quá).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A: That’s no excuse. If you hadn’t been rushing around, you would have been more careful and probably you wouldn’t have slipped.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Không có lí do nào hết. Nếu như em không chạy lăng xăng như thế thì em đã có thể cẩn thận hơn và đã không trượt ngã).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bạn thấy đấy, quá nóng vội và bất cẩn khi làm bất cứ công việc nào cũng đều gây ra hậu quả đáng tiếc. Ngay cả khi tham gia giao thông, bạn cũng đừng bao giờ quên áp dụng câu nói này nhé. Càng vội sẽ càng chậm, nhanh một phút là chậm cả đời, đó là những gì haste makes waste và các câu nói tương tự khác muốn nhắc nhở bạn.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-1499699868001013655?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/1499699868001013655/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/haste-makes-waste.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1499699868001013655'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1499699868001013655'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/haste-makes-waste.html' title='Haste makes waste'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-2386557844151126402</id><published>2009-05-09T01:00:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:08:48.953-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Nguyên âm i ngắn vs nguyên âm i dài</title><content type='html'>Đối với người Việt học tiếng Anh, chúng ta thường gặp khó khăn trong phát âm. Lấy ví dụ như nguyên âm /I/ của 2 từ này It và eat, bit và beat, ship và sheep. Phát âm một cách phân biệt giữa hai cặp này không khó. Đây gọi là Minimal pairs trong dạy phát âm mà chỉ cần giáo viên chuẩn giọng làm mẩu nhiều lần (modeling) là tập thành công. &lt;br /&gt;Tuy nhiên trong một số sách dạy phát âm và ký âm quốc tế, hai nguyên âm được gọi là long I /I:/ và short I /I/ để phân biệt với nhau theo suy nghĩ riêng của tôi là dễ gây sai lầm ( misleading) . Thực ra , hai nguyên âm khác nhau rõ rệt là ở độ cao (pitch) , hay tần số cộng hưỡng ( resonant frequency) , có thể đo bằng đơn vị cps (cycle per second = chu kỳ trong 1 giây) hoặc Hz (Hertz). Khi phát một nguyên âm thì vị trí đầu lưỡi, hình dáng vòm họng, độ cong của môi, độ khép của khớp xương hàm làm thành từng nguyên âm cụ thể. Âm (phoneme) /I:/ cao hơn /I/, /I/ cao hơn /e/; cả 3 âm này đều có vị trí đầu lưỡi phía trước ( front). Trong phát âm người ta dùng một đồ hình theo trục ngang gồm front, middle, back; và trục dọc gồm high, medium và low ( hoặc close, mid, và open) để diễn đạt các nguyên âm đơn (monophthong) . Tuy nhiên , tiếng Anh của Mỹ (American English), của Anh ( British English), Úc ( Australian English), đều có những nét riêng. Xem: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonetics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trong tiếng Anh khi một Syllable bị tác động bởi phụ âm cuối rung (voiced consonant), ví dụ bead /bI:d/, bid /bid/, thì âm sẽ dài. Syllable với phụ âm cuối không rung ( voiceless consonant), như beat /bI:t/, bit /bIt/ thì âm của nó sẽ ngắn hơn. Do đó bit, beat sẽ ngắn hơn là bid, bead. Đây gọi là rhythm trong phát âm, tương tựa như beat trong nhạc và meter trong thơ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nói chung khi học tiếng Anh chúng ta cần kiên trì , không ngại nói, không sợ sai, chấp nhận sữa sai, học với nguồn chính thống (authentic resource) thì thành công. Speaking makes perfect.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-2386557844151126402?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/2386557844151126402/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/nguyen-am-i-ngan-vs-nguyen-am-i-dai.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2386557844151126402'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2386557844151126402'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/nguyen-am-i-ngan-vs-nguyen-am-i-dai.html' title='Nguyên âm i ngắn vs nguyên âm i dài'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-8563700734081967655</id><published>2009-05-09T01:00:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:09:11.965-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Từ vựng: Tính Cách Con Người</title><content type='html'>Người ta thường nói về nhiều về tính cách con người, nhưng mấy ai biết hết những tính cách đó qua Tiếng Anh .... &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;adj:&lt;br /&gt;aggressive: hung hăng; xông xáo( )&lt;br /&gt;ambi&lt;br /&gt;tious: có nhiều tham vọng&lt;br /&gt;cautious: thận trọng, cẩn thận&lt;br /&gt;careful: cẩn thận&lt;br /&gt;cheerful/amusing: vui vẻ&lt;br /&gt;clever: khéo léo&lt;br /&gt;tacful: khéo xử, lịch thiệp&lt;br /&gt;competitive: cạnh tranh, đua tranh&lt;br /&gt;confident: tự tin&lt;br /&gt;creative: sáng tạo&lt;br /&gt;dependable: đáng tin cậy&lt;br /&gt;dumb: không có tiếng nói&lt;br /&gt;enthusiastic: hăng hái, nhiệt tình&lt;br /&gt;easy-going: dễ tính&lt;br /&gt;extroverted: hướng ngoại&lt;br /&gt;faithful: chung thuỷ&lt;br /&gt;introverted: hướng nội&lt;br /&gt;generous: rộng lượng&lt;br /&gt;gentle: nhẹ nhàng&lt;br /&gt;humorous: hài hước&lt;br /&gt;honest: trung thực&lt;br /&gt;imaginative: giàu trí tưởng tượng&lt;br /&gt;intelligent: thông minh(smart)&lt;br /&gt;kind: tử tế&lt;br /&gt;loyal: trung thành&lt;br /&gt;observant: tinh ý&lt;br /&gt;optimistic: lạc quan&lt;br /&gt;patient: kiên nhẫn&lt;br /&gt;pessimistic: bi quan&lt;br /&gt;polite: lịch sự&lt;br /&gt;outgoing: hướng ngoại, thân thiện(sociable, friendly)&lt;br /&gt;open-minded: khoáng đạt&lt;br /&gt;quite: ít nói&lt;br /&gt;rational: có lý trí, có chừng mực&lt;br /&gt;reckless: hấp tấp&lt;br /&gt;sincere: thành thật, chân thật&lt;br /&gt;stubborn: bướng bỉnh(as stubborn as a mule)&lt;br /&gt;talkative: lắm mồm&lt;br /&gt;understanding: hiểu biết(an understanding man)&lt;br /&gt;wise: thông thái, uyên bác(a wise man)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;lazy: lười biếng&lt;br /&gt;hot-temper: nóng tính&lt;br /&gt;bad-temper: khó chơi&lt;br /&gt;selfish: ích kỷ&lt;br /&gt;mean: keo kiệt&lt;br /&gt;cold: lạnh lùng&lt;br /&gt;Silly/stupid: ngu ngốc, ngốc nghếch&lt;br /&gt;Crazy: điên cuồng (mang tính tích cực)&lt;br /&gt;Mad: điên, khùng&lt;br /&gt;Aggressive: xấu bụng&lt;br /&gt;Unkind: xấu bụng, không tốt&lt;br /&gt;Unpleasant: khó chịu&lt;br /&gt;Cruel: độc ác&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-8563700734081967655?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/8563700734081967655/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/tu-vung-tinh-cach-con-nguoi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8563700734081967655'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8563700734081967655'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/tu-vung-tinh-cach-con-nguoi.html' title='Từ vựng: Tính Cách Con Người'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-9045167344266694642</id><published>2009-05-09T00:59:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:09:55.147-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>.::How to read faster::.</title><content type='html'>Bạn có thể bao giờ tự đặt câu hỏi cho mình: Làm thể nào để đọc nhanh hơn không? Bài viết này sẽ giúp bạn về điều đó ... &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.Preview - if it's long and hard&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Previewing is especially useful for getting a general idea of heavy&lt;br /&gt;like long magazine or newspaper articles, business reports, and&lt;br /&gt;nonfiction books.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    It can give you as much as half the comprehension in as little as&lt;br /&gt;one-tenth the time. For example, you should be able to preview eight or&lt;br /&gt;ten 100-page reports in an hour. After previewing, you'll be able to&lt;br /&gt;decide which reports (or which parts of the reports) are worth a closer&lt;br /&gt;look.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Here's how to preview: read the entire first two paragraphs of&lt;br /&gt;whatever you've chosen. Next read only the first sentence of each&lt;br /&gt;successive paragraph. Then read the entire last two paragraphs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Previewing doesn't give you all the details. But it does keep you&lt;br /&gt;from speding time on things you don't really want - or need - to read.&lt;br /&gt;Notice that previewing gives you a quick, overall view of long,&lt;br /&gt;unfamiliar material. For short, light reading, there's a better&lt;br /&gt;technique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Skim - if it's short and simple:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Skimming is a good way to get a general idea of light reading -&lt;br /&gt;like popular magazines or the sports and entertainment sections of the&lt;br /&gt;paper.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    You should be able to skim a weekly popular magazine or the second&lt;br /&gt;section of your daily paper in less than half the time it takes you to&lt;br /&gt;read it now.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Skimming is also a great way to review material you've read before.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Here's how to skim: Think of your eyes as magnets. Force them to&lt;br /&gt;move fast. Sweep them across each and every line of type. Pick up only&lt;br /&gt;a few key words in each line.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Everybody skims differently.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    You and I may not pick up exactly the same words when we skim the&lt;br /&gt;same piece, but we'll both get a pretty similar idea of what it's all&lt;br /&gt;about.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Skimming can give you a very good idea of the story in about half&lt;br /&gt;the words - and in less than half the time it'd take to read every word.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    So far, you've seen that previewing and skimming can give you a&lt;br /&gt;general idea bout content - fast. But neither technique can promise&lt;br /&gt;more than 50 percents comprehension, because you aren't reading all the&lt;br /&gt;words. (Nobody gets something for nothing in the reading game).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    To read faster and understand most - if not all - of what you read, you need to know a third technique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Cluster - to increase speed and comprehension:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Most of us learned to read by looking at each word in a sentence - one at a time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Like this:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    My-brother-Russell-thinks-monster...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    You probably still read this way sometimes, especially when the&lt;br /&gt;words are difficult. Or when the words have an extra-special meaning -&lt;br /&gt;in a poem, a Shakespearean play, or a contract. And that's O.K.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    But word-by-word reading is a rotten way to ready faster. It actually cuts down on your speed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Clustering trains you to look at groups of words instead of one at&lt;br /&gt;a time - to increase you speed enormously. For most of us, clustering&lt;br /&gt;is a totally different way of seeing what we read.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Learning to read cluster is not something you eyes do naturally. It takes constant practise.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Here's how to go about it. Pick something light to read. Read it as&lt;br /&gt;fast as you can. Concentrate on seeing three or four words at once&lt;br /&gt;rather than one word at a time. Then reread the piece at your normal&lt;br /&gt;speed to see what you missed the first time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Try a second piece.First cluster, then reread to see what you missed in this one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    When you can read in clusters without missing much the first time,&lt;br /&gt;your speed has increased. Pratise them fitteen minutes every day and&lt;br /&gt;you might pick up the techneque in a week or so (But don't be&lt;br /&gt;disappointed if it takes longer. Clustering everything takes time and&lt;br /&gt;pratice).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    So now you have 3 ways to help you read faster. Preview to cut down&lt;br /&gt;on unnessary heavy reading. Skim to get a quick, general idea of light&lt;br /&gt;reading. And cluster to increase you speed and comprehension.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-9045167344266694642?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/9045167344266694642/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/how-to-read-faster.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/9045167344266694642'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/9045167344266694642'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/how-to-read-faster.html' title='.::How to read faster::.'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-7873204764135944161</id><published>2009-05-09T00:57:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:10:27.004-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Elision – nuốt âm</title><content type='html'>Tiếng Anh quả là một kho tàng khá phong phú và thú vị? Có rất nhiều yếu tố tạo nên tính đặc trưng cho ngôn ngữ phổ biến này và nuốt âm (Elision) chính một trong những yếu tố tạo ra sự khác biệt của ngôn ngữ mà Global Education giới thiệu với các bạn trong bài luyện nói ngày hôm nay. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nuốt âm là sự lược bỏ đi một hoặc nhiều âm (có thể là nguyên âm, phụ âm hoặc cả âm tiết) trong một từ hoặc một cụm từ khiến cho người nói phát âm dễ dàng hơn. Hành động nuốt âm thường xảy ra tự nhiên không chủ định nhưng cũng có thể có sự cân nhắc&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Khi có hai hay nhiều phụ âm đi với nhau, sẽ xuất hiện khuynh hướng nuốt âm khi đọc. Có những trường hợp sự nuốt âm sẽ kéo theo âm tiết trong từ sẽ bị giảm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;Chú ý:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trong tiếng Anh, có một số âm thường được lược bỏ:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Phụ âm “v” trong “of” khi nó đứng trước phụ âm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;o Ví dụ: lots of them / ’lɒts əv ðəm / =&gt; / ’lɒts ə ðəm /&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Những âm yếu sau p, t, k (thường là âm ə).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;o Potato / pə'teitəʊ / =&gt; / p'teitəʊ /&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;o Tomato / tə'mɑ:təʊ / =&gt; / t'mɑ:təʊ /&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;o Canary / kə'neəri / =&gt; /k'neəri /&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Phụ âm ở giữa trong nhóm phụ âm thức tạp&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;o Looked back / ‘lʊkt’bæk / =&gt; / ‘lʊk’bæk /&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;o Acts / ækts / =&gt; / æks /&lt;br /&gt;Bây giờ các bạn đã phần nào hiểu được vì sao phải nuốt âm khi học tiếng Anh rồi nhé. Hãy thử luyện tập với các từ vựng và các nhóm từ trên mà không nuốt âm, chắc chắc sẽ là rất phiền toái. Chúc các bạn học tập tốt!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-7873204764135944161?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/7873204764135944161/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/elision-nuot-am.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/7873204764135944161'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/7873204764135944161'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/elision-nuot-am.html' title='Elision – nuốt âm'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-4697107047483668776</id><published>2009-05-09T00:56:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:11:12.356-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Điều kiện cách (Conditional)</title><content type='html'>Điều kiện cách là gì, bạn đã từng nghe đến nó chưa, bài viết này sẽ giúp bạn về điều đó ... &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hiện tại điều kiện cách = Should/Would + Nguyên mẫu không có To(đối với ngôi 1) hoặc Would + Nguyên mẫu không có To (đối với ngôi 2 và 3)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·Xác định :I would/I'd work (hoặc I should work), You would work/You'd work ...&lt;br /&gt;·Phủ định :I would not/wouldn't work (hoặc I should not/shouldn't work), You would not/wouldn't work ...&lt;br /&gt;·Nghi vấn :Would/Should I work? Would you work? ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·Nghi vấn phủ định :Should I not/Shouldn't I work? Would you not/Wouldn't you work? ...&lt;br /&gt;Công dụng&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·Trong câu điều kiện loại 2.Chẳng hạn, If she turned up now, we would be very surprised (Nếu bây giờ cô ấy xuất hiện, chúng tôi sẽ rất ngạc nhiên).&lt;br /&gt;·Thay choTương lai đơn giản , khi động từ của mệnh đề chính ở thì quá khứ.&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ :&lt;br /&gt;-They assume that I shall/will applaud their audacious plan (Họ cho rằng tôi sẽ tán thành kế hoạch táo bạo của họ) ---&gt;They assumed that I should/would applaud their audacious plan.&lt;br /&gt;-I expect that your business will get better results (Tôi mong rằng công chuyện làm ăn của anh sẽ đạt kết quả khả quan hơn) ---&gt; I expected that your business would get better results.&lt;br /&gt;·Trong các công dụng đặc biệt của Should và Would .&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ :&lt;br /&gt;-We should say our prayers before going to bed (Chúng ta nên cầu nguyện Trước khi đi ngủ)&lt;br /&gt;-Children shouldn't imitate the adults' vices (Trẻ em không nên bắt ch­ớc thói h­ tật xấu của người lớn)&lt;br /&gt;-You should have rised early to attend morning service (Lẽ ra anh phải dậy sớm để dự lễ sáng)&lt;br /&gt;-I should like to ask a favour of you (Tôi muốn nhờ anh một việc)&lt;br /&gt;-Why should he have the audacity to do it? (Sao nó lại cả gan làm nh­ vậy nhỉ?)&lt;br /&gt;-Hoa was anxious that exam results should be announced as soon as possible (Hoa nóng lòng mong cho kết quả thi được công bố càng sớm càng tốt)&lt;br /&gt;-He grown a beard in order that everyone should believe him to be old (Ông ta để râu để mọi người t­ởng ông ta già)&lt;br /&gt;-Should you change your mind, please let us know at once (Nếu có thay đổi ý kiến, xin ông vui lòng báo cho chúng tôi biết ngay)&lt;br /&gt;-Would you give this report a look-over to make suggestions? (Anh vui lòng xem qua bản báo cáo này để góp ý)&lt;br /&gt;-Would you like some white coffee? (Anh dùng tí cà phê sữa nhé?)&lt;br /&gt;-That's just what he would say (Đó chính là điều mà có lẽ anh ta sẽ nói ra)&lt;br /&gt;-He changed his password so that nobody would be able to access data on his computer (Anh ta đổi mật khẩu để không ai truy cập được dữ liệu trên máy của anh ta)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Quá khứ điều kiện cách (Perfect Conditional)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hình thức&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hiện tại điều kiện cách = Should/Would + Nguyên mẫu hoàn thành không có To&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·Xác định :I would/should have worked, You would have worked...&lt;br /&gt;·Phủ định :I would not/should not have worked, You would not have worked ...&lt;br /&gt;·Nghi vấn :Should I have worked? Would you have worked? ...&lt;br /&gt;·Nghi vấn phủ định :Should I not/Shouldn't I have worked? ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Công dụng&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·Trong các công dụng đặc biệt của Should và Would . Trong câu điều kiện loại 3.Chẳng hạn,If you had arrived earlier, I would have introduced you to my director (Nếu anh đến sớm hơn, tôi đã giới thiệu anh cho giám đốc của tôi).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·Thay choTương lai hoàn thành , khi động từ của mệnh đề chính ở thì quá khứ.&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ :&lt;br /&gt;-I hope that he will have solved the problem before we get back (Tôi hy vọng anh ta sẽ giải được bài toán Trước khi chúng ta trở lại) ---&gt; I hoped that he would have solved the problem&lt;br /&gt;before we got back.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Câu điều kiện (Conditional Sentences)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·Câu điều kiện nào cũng có hai phần :Mệnh đề If (mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng liên từ If) và Mệnh đề chính. Mệnh đề If nêu giả thuyết, còn mệnh đề chính thì nêu kết quả của giả thuyết ấy. Trong câu If it rains, they will get up later than usual (Nếu trời m­a, họ sẽ dậy muộn hơn th­ờng lệ), ta có mệnh đề If là If it rains và mệnh đề chính làThey will get up later than usual .&lt;br /&gt;·Có ba loại câu điều kiện.Loại 1dành cho những tình huống rất có thể dự đoán được.Chẳng hạn, I shall turn off the record-player if you don't turn it down (Tôi sẽ tắt máy hát nếu anh không vặn nhỏ lại).Loại 2 dành cho những tình huống t­ởng tượng.Chẳng hạn, If she were my mother, I would try my utmost to look after her (Nếu bà ta là mẹ tôi, tôi sẽ cố gắng hết sức để chăm sóc bà ta) [Nhưng thực ra, bà ta đâu phải là mẹ tôi]. Đặc biệt,loại 3 dành cho những tình huống hoàn toàn trái ng­ợc vớithực tếtrong quá khứ .Chẳng hạn,If I had gone out in the rain yesterday afternoon, I would have had a high fever (Nếu chiều hôm qua tôi đi m­a thì tôi đã bị sốt cao) (Nhưng thực ra, chiều hôm qua tôi không hề đi m­a).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1/Ví dụ về câu điều kiện loại 1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·Thông th­ờng, động từ của mệnh đề If ở Hiện tại đơn giản , động từ của mệnh đề chính ở Tươnglai đơn giản .&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ :&lt;br /&gt;-If you exceed the speed limit, you will be liable to a heavy fine (Nếu v­ợt quá giới hạn tốc&lt;br /&gt;độ tối đa, anh sẽ bị phạt nặng)&lt;br /&gt;-The pregnant bitch will bite you if you walk upstairs (Con chó đang có mang sẽ cắn anh&lt;br /&gt;nếu anh đi lên lầu)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Đặc biệt&lt;br /&gt;-If he is poor, why does he own two adjacent houses?&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu anh ta nghèo thì tại sao anh ta có hai căn nhà kề nhau?)&lt;br /&gt;-If it stops raining,I can drive faster&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu trời tạnh m­a, tôi có thể lái xe nhanh hơn)&lt;br /&gt;-If this staircase is slippery,she may take a false step&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu cầu thang này trơn, có thể bà ấy sẽ bị tr­ợt chân)&lt;br /&gt;-If you want to lose weight,eat less fat and take more exercise (Nếu muốn sụt cân, chị hãy bớt ăn chất béo và tập thể dục nhiều hơn)&lt;br /&gt;-If they are sleeping, I'll turn off the radio&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu họ đang ngủ, tôi sẽ tắt rađiô)&lt;br /&gt;-If you have finished eating, I'll have the domestic clear the table (Nếu anh ăn xong, tôi sẽ bảo người giúp việc dọn bàn)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2/Ví dụ về câu điều kiện loại 2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·Thông th­ờng, động từ của mệnh đề If ở Quá khứ đơn giản(đúng ra đây làQuá khứ giả định cách) , động từ của mệnh đề chính ởHiện tại điều kiện cách .&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ :&lt;br /&gt;-If I were their father, I would demand an apology from them (Nếu tôi là cha của họ, tôi sẽ bắt họ xin lỗi)&lt;br /&gt;-If someone gave her a villa, she would use it as an orphanage (Nếu ai cho cô ta một căn biệt thự, cô ta sẽ dùng căn biệt thự đó làm nơi nuôi trẻ mồ côi)&lt;br /&gt;Đặc biệt&lt;br /&gt;-If you didn't love her, why did you pray for her speedy recovery from illness?&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu anh không yêu cô ta thì tại sao anh cầu cho cô ta mau khỏi bệnh?)&lt;br /&gt;-If someone knocked at the door,he said "Come in, please"&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu có ai gõ cửa, ông ta th­ờng nói "Mời vào")&lt;br /&gt;-If I knew their address, I could correspond with them&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu tôi biết địa chỉ của họ, tôi có thể trao đổi th­ từ với họ)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3/Ví dụ về câu điều kiện loại 3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;·Thông th­ờng, động từ của mệnh đề If ởQuá khứ hoàn thành , động từ của mệnh đề chính ởQuá khứ điều kiện cách .&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ :&lt;br /&gt;-If I had heard the news last night, I would have come there to give you a hand&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu đêm qua tôi hay tin thì tôi đã đến đó giúp anh một tay)&lt;br /&gt;-If their papers had been in order, they would have left the police station at once&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu giấy tờ của họ hợp lệ thì họ đã ra khỏi đồn cảnh sát ngay rồi)&lt;br /&gt;Đặc biệt&lt;br /&gt;-If we had discovered his shelter, we could have arrested him long before&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu phát hiện được nơi ẩn náu của hắn thì chúng tôi đã bắt được hắn lâu rồi)&lt;br /&gt;-If he hadn't had a lawyer, he might have gone to prison&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu không có một luật s­ giỏi thì có thể anh ta đi tù rồi)&lt;br /&gt;-If you had followed my advice, you would be singing joyfully with your family now&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu nghe theo lời khuyên của tôi thì bây giờ anh đã đang ca hát vui vẻ với gia đình anh)&lt;br /&gt;-If I hadn't followed your advice, I would be behind bars now/I would have been behind bars&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu không nghe theo lời khuyên của anh thì bây giờ tôi đã ngồi tù)&lt;br /&gt;-Thay vì If they had obeyed traffic regulations, this accident wouldn't have happened&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu họ đi đúng luật, tai nạn này đâu có xảy ra), ta có thể nói Had they obeyed traffic regulations, this accident wouldn't have happened .&lt;br /&gt;-Thay vì If we had met him in the street, we would have invited him to our house (Nếu gặp anh ta ngoài phố, chúng tôi đã mời anh ta về nhà chơi rồi), ta có thể nói Had we met him in the street, we would have invited him to our house.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-4697107047483668776?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/4697107047483668776/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/ieu-kien-cach-conditional.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/4697107047483668776'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/4697107047483668776'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/ieu-kien-cach-conditional.html' title='Điều kiện cách (Conditional)'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-5196220819512257685</id><published>2009-05-09T00:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:12:03.024-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Common verbs that have stative meaning- Nghĩa trạng thái tĩnh</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/SgU272RmF-I/AAAAAAAABJw/BVjWArRXksQ/s1600-h/1233382330_nv.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 176px; height: 220px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/SgU272RmF-I/AAAAAAAABJw/BVjWArRXksQ/s320/1233382330_nv.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333729735499716578" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bạn thường dùng những động từ, tính từ ... để chỉ về trạng thái của con người, sự vật, sự việc nào đó nhưng có bao giờ bạn chia nó ra theo loại nhóm nào chưa?.. Bài viết này sẽ giúp bạn về điều đó .... &lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Verbs that have stative meanings can not be used in-progess tense :&lt;br /&gt;1&gt; Mental state : trạng thái tinh thần&lt;br /&gt;know, realize, believe, understand, recognize, feel, suppose, desire, need&lt;br /&gt;think, imagine, remember, forget, want, mean, doubt&lt;br /&gt;2&gt;Emotional state: trạng thái tình cảm&lt;br /&gt;love, like, appriciate, please, prefer, hate, dislike, fear, envy, mind, care, astonish, amaze, surprise&lt;br /&gt;3&gt;Possession : sở hữu&lt;br /&gt;possess, own, belong, have&lt;br /&gt;4&gt; Sense perceptions : cảm nhận của giác quan&lt;br /&gt;taste, hear, see, smell, feel&lt;br /&gt;5&gt; Others existing states&lt;br /&gt;seem, look, appear, sound, resemble, look like, cost, owe, weigh, equal, be, matter, consist of, contain, include&lt;br /&gt;Những từ im đậm là loại đặc biệt, chúng có cả progressive meanings. For examles : These flowers smell good and Ann is smelling them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-5196220819512257685?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/5196220819512257685/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/common-verbs-that-have-stative-meaning.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/5196220819512257685'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/5196220819512257685'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/common-verbs-that-have-stative-meaning.html' title='Common verbs that have stative meaning- Nghĩa trạng thái tĩnh'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/SgU272RmF-I/AAAAAAAABJw/BVjWArRXksQ/s72-c/1233382330_nv.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-6692020670400622806</id><published>2009-05-09T00:52:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:12:35.272-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>1 số giới từ thường gặp!!!</title><content type='html'>Giới từ Tiếng Anh có rất nhiều, sau đây mình xin giới thiệu đến các bạn 1 vài giới từ thường gặp &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DURING: During + danh từ chỉ thời gian/khoảng thời gian kéo dài&lt;br /&gt;Example: During the summer, pupil is off school&lt;br /&gt;During the morning, he is in his office&lt;br /&gt;FROM: From + 1 thời điểm + to + thời điểm&lt;br /&gt;He is going to work from five to five&lt;br /&gt;I went from HN to QB in one day&lt;br /&gt;* thành ngữ thường dùng: From time to time &gt;&gt; thỉnh thoảng&lt;br /&gt;We visit the art museum from time to time&lt;br /&gt;OUT OF:&lt;br /&gt;Out of thường đối lập với into&lt;br /&gt;VD: he walked out of the room angrily when jonh admonised him&lt;br /&gt;Use: Out of + Noun &gt;&gt; Thiếu, không còn&lt;br /&gt;She must to go to the store because she was out of milk&lt;br /&gt;Out of town: đi khỏi&lt;br /&gt;Tomorrow, they will be out of town&lt;br /&gt;He is out of HN city, so I can’t see him&lt;br /&gt;Out of date: Lổi thời, củ&lt;br /&gt;This musical is out of date, find one that is up to date&lt;br /&gt;Out of work: Thất nghiệp&lt;br /&gt;Now, I’m out of work, would you find to me a job&lt;br /&gt;Out of the question: không thể được&lt;br /&gt;Their request is out of the question&lt;br /&gt;Out of the order: Không hoạt động&lt;br /&gt;My mobile is out of the order, could you mind yourphone?&lt;br /&gt;BY: có nghĩa “go pass a place” đi ngang qua một địa điểm&lt;br /&gt;Và “ Be situated near a place” Tọa lạc gần một địa điểm&lt;br /&gt;We walked by the library on the way home&lt;br /&gt;Your books are by the window&lt;br /&gt;Cách dùng thông thường của By&lt;br /&gt;· chỉ tác nhân hoạt động trong câu bị động&lt;br /&gt;- Romeo and juliet were writen by willliam shakespear&lt;br /&gt;· BY + Thời gian cụ thể &gt;&gt; Trước&lt;br /&gt;- I offten go to bed by 12 o’clock&lt;br /&gt;· By bus/Plane/ train/ship/bike: Bằng phương tiện&lt;br /&gt;· Thành ngữ dùng với BY&lt;br /&gt;- By Then: Trước một thời điểm ở quá khứ hay tương lai&lt;br /&gt;I will receive university degree in 9 month, by then I hope to have found a job&lt;br /&gt;I go to bed, by then I sleep deeply&lt;br /&gt;- By way of: Ngang qua, ngã qua&lt;br /&gt;We are driving to Alata by way of Baton rouge&lt;br /&gt;- By the way: Nhân thể&lt;br /&gt;By the way, I go to Hai Phong, I’m going to Hà nội&lt;br /&gt;By the way, I’ve got two tickets for thirday’s game. Would you like to go with me?&lt;br /&gt;- By For: rất nhiều, đáng kể&lt;br /&gt;This book is by far the best on the subject&lt;br /&gt;IN: nghĩa “ inside a place” trong một địa điểm, một nơi&lt;br /&gt;VD: He is in his office&lt;br /&gt;Cách sử dụng:&lt;br /&gt;- in a room/ building/ drawer/ closet&lt;br /&gt;- In + Month/ Year&lt;br /&gt;- In time: Không trể, sớm đủ để&lt;br /&gt;- In the street: Trong lòng đường&lt;br /&gt;- In the afternoon/ evening/ morning&lt;br /&gt;- In the past/ future: trong quá khứ hay tương lai&lt;br /&gt;- In the beginning/ end: vào lúc đầu, vào cuối buổi&lt;br /&gt;- In the way: làm tắt nghẽn, cản trở&lt;br /&gt;- One in a while: thỉnh thoảng&lt;br /&gt;- In no time at all ( trong một thời gian rất ngắn, trong một nháy mắt)&lt;br /&gt;In no time at all, you convinced me of help&lt;br /&gt;In no time at all, he said: “he loves me”&lt;br /&gt;- In the meantime: trong khi chờ đợi&lt;br /&gt;- In the milde + Something/place: giua một cái gì đó or giữa nơi nào đó&lt;br /&gt;- In the army/ air force/ navy: trong quân đôi,…&lt;br /&gt;- In a row: vào hàng VD: We are going sit in the tenth row of the auditorium&lt;br /&gt;- In the event that ( Nếu)&lt;br /&gt;- In case: Nếu…..trong trường hợp&lt;br /&gt;- (Get) In touch with: khó tiếp xúc&lt;br /&gt;ON: thường có nghĩa: “ a position a bove, but in contact with an object”&lt;br /&gt;ở trên nhưng còn tiếp xúc với một vật thể&lt;br /&gt;The Records are on the table&lt;br /&gt;Cách dùng:&lt;br /&gt;- On a day/date: I will call you on thurday&lt;br /&gt;- On a (the) bus/plane/train/ship/bike: It’s too late to she Hằng, she is arleary on the plane&lt;br /&gt;- On a street: vị trí của một tòa nhà: I live on 16th the avenue on the floor of a building&lt;br /&gt;Thành ngữ dùng On:&lt;br /&gt;- On time: đúng lúc, đúng giờ&lt;br /&gt;- On the corner (Of two street): gốc đường: Norman Hall is on the corner of 13th street an 15th evenue&lt;br /&gt;- On the side walk: trên lề đường&lt;br /&gt;- On the way: trên đường&lt;br /&gt;- On the right/left&lt;br /&gt;- On television/(the) radio&lt;br /&gt;- On the whole: Nói chung, đại khái&lt;br /&gt;- On the oher hand: nói chung vả lại&lt;br /&gt;- On sale: chào bán&lt;br /&gt;- On foot: đi bộ&lt;br /&gt;AT: Dùng để chỉ môt địa điểm tổng quát không cụ thể như IN&lt;br /&gt;Jane is at the bank&lt;br /&gt;Cách dùng&lt;br /&gt;- At + địa điểm&lt;br /&gt;- At + thời điểm cụ thể&lt;br /&gt;Thành ngữ dùng At:&lt;br /&gt;- At least : tối thiểu&lt;br /&gt;- At once: ngay lập tức&lt;br /&gt;- At the present/at the moment : ngay bây giờ&lt;br /&gt;- At time: đôi khi&lt;br /&gt;- At first: Ban đầu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-6692020670400622806?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/6692020670400622806/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/1-so-gioi-tu-thuong-gap.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6692020670400622806'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6692020670400622806'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/1-so-gioi-tu-thuong-gap.html' title='1 số giới từ thường gặp!!!'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-210226761009713749</id><published>2009-05-09T00:52:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T01:58:13.683-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Thứ tự của tính từ chỉ tính chất (tính từ đứng trước danh từ)</title><content type='html'>Bạn thường viết hay khi nói, bạn muốn diễn tả hành động nào đó muốn thánh thót hơn..... Thì thường bạn luôn dùng tính từ để diễn tả hành động kia ... &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A, Đôi khi chúng ta dùng nhiều tính từ trước một danh từ.&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;• I like big black dogs.&lt;br /&gt;• She was wearing a beautiful long red dress.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vậy thứ tự đúng của tính từ là gì?&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Determiners (các từ hạn định) + opinion (ý kiến, quan điểm, nhận xét) + fact (sự thật)&lt;br /&gt;1. Determiners: các từ hạn định bao gồm&lt;br /&gt;• Mạo từ (a, the)&lt;br /&gt;• Tính từ sở hữu (my, your...)&lt;br /&gt;• Đại từ chỉ định (this, that...)&lt;br /&gt;• Số lượng (some, any, few, many...)&lt;br /&gt;• Số đếm (one, two, three)&lt;br /&gt;2. Opinion (ý kiến, quan điểm, nhận xét) + fact (sự thật)&lt;br /&gt;• Ví dụ: a nice French car (not a French nice car)&lt;br /&gt;3. Thứ tự thông thường đối với mục Fact là size, age, shape, colour, material, origin. Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;• a big, old, square, black, wooden Chinese table.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B. Sau đây là một ví dụ về thứ tự của tính từ: two nice old round red candles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C. Thứ tự của các Tính từ trước 1 Danh từ:&lt;br /&gt;Number--- Opinion---Size---Age---Shape---Colour---Pattern---Origin---Material---Purpose---NOUN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-210226761009713749?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/210226761009713749/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/thu-tu-cua-tinh-tu-chi-tinh-chat-tinh.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/210226761009713749'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/210226761009713749'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/thu-tu-cua-tinh-tu-chi-tinh-chat-tinh.html' title='Thứ tự của tính từ chỉ tính chất (tính từ đứng trước danh từ)'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-1773214268046183773</id><published>2009-05-09T00:51:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T01:58:43.735-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Efficient and effective: hữu hiệu và hiệu nghiệm</title><content type='html'>1. Efficient có nghĩa là làm một cách có tổ chức khoa học và không mất thời gian hoặc năng lực. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ: He is not very efficient: he keeps filling letters in the wrong place, he works very slowly, and he keeps forgetting things.&lt;br /&gt;Anh ta không được việc lắm: anh ta bỏ hồ sơ sai chỗ, làm việc chậm chạp và hay quên.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The postal servive is even less efficient than the telephone system.&lt;br /&gt;Dịch vụ bưu điện kém hữu hiệu hơn cả hệ thống điện thoại.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Effective có nghĩa là hiệu quả, giải quyết được vấn đề hay đạt được kết quả.&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ: My headache is much better. Those tablets really are effective.&lt;br /&gt;Chứng đau đầu của tôi đã đỡ rồi. Thuốc đó thật là hữu hiệu.&lt;br /&gt;I think a wide black belt would look very effective with that dress.&lt;br /&gt;Tôi nghĩ một dây nịt đen to bản sẽ rất hợp với cái váy đó.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-1773214268046183773?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/1773214268046183773/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/efficient-and-effective-huu-hieu-va.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1773214268046183773'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1773214268046183773'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/efficient-and-effective-huu-hieu-va.html' title='Efficient and effective: hữu hiệu và hiệu nghiệm'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-1382622808655275356</id><published>2009-05-09T00:51:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:13:48.058-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Một số câu nói hay dùng thường ngày [P1]</title><content type='html'>Chúng ta ai cũng biết muốn học tiếng Anh giỏi thì phải học ngữ pháp cho thật tốt. Đó là điều không cần phải bàn cãi Nhưng có một sự thật là có một số người học ngữ pháp rất giỏi, rất chuẩn nhưng lại không thể đem kiến thức ngữ pháp đó ra áp dụng khi nói ^^! Lý do chính là những câu dùng trong đối thoại hằng ngày rất đơn giản, cũng rất khác với những gì chúng ta học được trong sách. Có những câu mình dịch ra rất phức tạp nhưng thực ra nó lại rất đơn giản.&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mình có sưu tập được một số câu và rất thích đem mấy câu này ra xài khi nói Nói hoài quen luôn đó hihi. Thấy hay hay nên giới thiệu cho các bạn học luôn cho vui. Đọc tí relax sau những giờ học ngữ pháp căng thẳng và đừng quên áp dụng luôn khi nói nhé &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Có chuyện gì vậy? ----&gt; What's up?&lt;br /&gt;Dạo này ra sao rồi? ----&gt; How's it going?&lt;br /&gt;Dạo này đang làm gì? ----&gt; What have you been doing?&lt;br /&gt;Không có gì mới cả ----&gt; Nothing much&lt;br /&gt;Bạn đang lo lắng gì vậy? ----&gt; What's on your mind?&lt;br /&gt;Tôi chỉ nghĩ linh tinh thôi ----&gt; I was just thinking&lt;br /&gt;Tôi chỉ đãng trí đôi chút thôi ----&gt; I was just daydreaming&lt;br /&gt;Không phải là chuyện của bạn ----&gt; It's none of your business&lt;br /&gt;Vậy hã? ----&gt; Is that so?&lt;br /&gt;Làm thế nào vậy? ----&gt; How come?&lt;br /&gt;Chắc chắn rồi! ----&gt; Absolutely!&lt;br /&gt;Quá đúng! ----&gt; Definitely!&lt;br /&gt;Dĩ nhiên! ----&gt; Of course!&lt;br /&gt;Chắc chắn mà ----&gt; You better believe it!&lt;br /&gt;Tôi đoán vậy ----&gt; I guess so&lt;br /&gt;Làm sao mà biết được ----&gt; There's no way to know.&lt;br /&gt;Tôi không thể nói chắc ---&gt; I can't say for sure ( I don't know)&lt;br /&gt;Chuyện này khó tin quá! ----&gt; This is too good to be true!&lt;br /&gt;Thôi đi (đừng đùa nữa) ----&gt; No way! ( Stop joking!)&lt;br /&gt;Tôi hiểu rồi ----&gt; I got it&lt;br /&gt;Quá đúng! ----&gt; Right on! (Great!)&lt;br /&gt;Tôi thành công rồi! ----&gt; I did it!&lt;br /&gt;Có rảnh không? ----&gt; Got a minute?&lt;br /&gt;Đến khi nào? ----&gt; 'Til when?&lt;br /&gt;Vào khoảng thời gian nào? ----&gt; About when?&lt;br /&gt;Sẽ không mất nhiều thời gian đâu ----&gt; I won't take but a minute&lt;br /&gt;Hãy nói lớn lên ----&gt; Speak up&lt;br /&gt;Có thấy Melissa không? ----&gt; Seen Melissa?&lt;br /&gt;Thế là ta lại gặp nhau phải không? ----&gt; So we've met again, eh?&lt;br /&gt;Đến đây ----&gt; Come here&lt;br /&gt;Ghé chơi ----&gt; Come over&lt;br /&gt;Đừng đi vội ----&gt; Don't go yet&lt;br /&gt;Xin nhường đi trước. Tôi xin đi sau ----&gt; Please go first. After you&lt;br /&gt;Cám ơn đã nhường đường ----&gt; Thanks for letting me go first&lt;br /&gt;Thật là nhẹ nhõm ----&gt; What a relief&lt;br /&gt;What the hell are you doing? ----&gt; Anh đang làm cái quái gì thế kia?&lt;br /&gt;Bạn đúng là cứu tinh.Tôi biết mình có thể trông cậy vào bạn mà ----&gt; You're a life saver. I know I can count on you.&lt;br /&gt;Đừng có giả vờ khờ khạo! ----&gt; Get your head out of your ass!&lt;br /&gt;Xạo quá! ----&gt; That's a lie!&lt;br /&gt;Làm theo lời tôi ----&gt; Do as I say&lt;br /&gt;Đủ rồi đó! ----&gt; This is the limit!&lt;br /&gt;Hãy giải thích cho tôi tại sao ----&gt; Explain to me why&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-1382622808655275356?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/1382622808655275356/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/mot-so-cau-noi-hay-dung-thuong-ngay-p1.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1382622808655275356'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1382622808655275356'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/mot-so-cau-noi-hay-dung-thuong-ngay-p1.html' title='Một số câu nói hay dùng thường ngày [P1]'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-1594648716614875746</id><published>2009-05-09T00:50:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T02:01:51.975-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Một số câu nói hay dùng thường ngày [P2]</title><content type='html'>Ask for it! ----&gt; Tự mình làm thì tự mình chịu đi!&lt;br /&gt;... In the nick of time: ----&gt; ... thật là đúng lúc&lt;br /&gt;No litter ----&gt; Cấm vất rác&lt;br /&gt;Go for it! ----&gt; Cứ liều thử đi&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yours! As if you didn't know ----&gt; của you chứ ai, cứ giả bộ không biết.&lt;br /&gt;What a jerk! ----&gt; thật là đáng ghét&lt;br /&gt;No business is a success from the beginning ----&gt; vạn sự khởi đầu nan&lt;br /&gt;What? How dare you say such a thing to me ----&gt; Cái gì, ...mài dám nói thế với tau à&lt;br /&gt;How cute! ----&gt; Ngộ ngĩnh, dễ thương quá!&lt;br /&gt;None of your business! ----&gt; Không phải việc của bạn&lt;br /&gt;Don't stick your nose into this ----&gt; đừng dính mũi vào việc này&lt;br /&gt;Don't peep! -----&gt; đừng nhìn lén!&lt;br /&gt;What I'm going to do if.... ----&gt; Làm sao đây nếu ...&lt;br /&gt;Stop it right a way! ----&gt; Có thôi ngay đi không&lt;br /&gt;A wise guy, eh?! ----&gt; Á à... thằng này láo&lt;br /&gt;You'd better stop dawdling ----&gt; Bạn tốt hơn hết là không nên la cà&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-1594648716614875746?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/1594648716614875746/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/mot-so-cau-noi-hay-dung-thuong-ngay-p2.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1594648716614875746'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1594648716614875746'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/mot-so-cau-noi-hay-dung-thuong-ngay-p2.html' title='Một số câu nói hay dùng thường ngày [P2]'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-2927504677183953342</id><published>2009-05-09T00:49:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:14:23.559-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Cách phát âm</title><content type='html'>Đọc tiếng Anh thì các âm cuối rất quan trong.Ví dụ như thêm ed đọc là t,d,....Nhưng khi mình nghe người Anh nói, các âm đó hầu như ko có,chỉ trừ khi nó ở cuối câu.Có phải như vậy ko các bạn?Hay họ đọc nhanh quá,mình không nghe được. Khi mình mà đọc có âm cuối thì thấy nó chậm chậm thế nào ấy?. Dưới đây sẽ là lời giải cho bạn: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*Cách đọc " ed " khi thêm vào sau động từ( ở thời quá khứ&lt;br /&gt;a. Đọc là tờ nếu trước ed có c, f, k, p,x,s,sh ,ch&lt;br /&gt;ví dụ: cooked, stopped, brushed, fixed, missed ...vv&lt;br /&gt;b. đọc là id nếu trước có t hay d&lt;br /&gt;ví dụ : wanted, separated, divided&lt;br /&gt;c. đọc là đờ nếu sau các chữ cái khác&lt;br /&gt;ví dụ played, opened... vv&lt;br /&gt;( theo sách Trà Hùy - Vũ Văn Trà)&lt;br /&gt;* Cách phát âm của -s/es sau động từ( khi ta chia theo thì hiện tại đơn)&lt;br /&gt;- đọc là /s/ (xờ) khi đọc khép 2 hàm răng kết hợp với lưỡi để phát âm gió ra chứ ko đọc thành tiếng với những động từ kết thúc bằng /p, k, t, f /&lt;br /&gt;ví dụ : cooks , stops , forgets , lets...&lt;br /&gt;- đọc là /iz /( i dờ) với những động từ kết thúc là ch, sh, ss , z ,x, ge, ce,s&lt;br /&gt;vd : wishes , changes( chên tri dờ ), finishes( phi nít shi dờ)&lt;br /&gt;* đọc là /z/ ( dờ ) nếu động từ tận cùng là những chữ cái khác&lt;br /&gt;ví dụ: masters, finds...&lt;br /&gt;Lưu ý là : Cách viết này thực ra chỉ để dễ đọc chứ thực chất những chữ cái cuối được liệt kê ở trên là những chữ trong phiên âm( giống mục phiên âm trong từ điển ) may mắn thay phần lớn giống chữ cái tiếng việt của mình&lt;br /&gt;Bởi vậy có những từ ko theo qui tắc trên để đọc :&lt;br /&gt;ví dụ to laugh phiên âm là / la: f / --&gt; chữ cuối trong từ phiên âm là f bởi vậy khi chia thành laughs thì-s đọc là /s/ chứ không đọc là /z / như theo qui tắc trên.&lt;br /&gt;- hơn nữa những động từ bản thân nó kết thúc bằng chữ "e" khi đọc nó được coi là e câm , vì vậy ko tính đến sự có mặt của nó, chuyển sang chữ cái trước nó để tùy trường hợp mà đoc. ví dụ make khi chia thành makes thì coi như kết thúc bằng chữ k do đó đuôi-s đọc là /s/&lt;br /&gt;( đoạn này mình ghi lại theo bài giảng của cô giáo trên lớp, nếu có gì chưa chính xác các bạn sửa giúp )&lt;br /&gt;Mình nghĩ ban đầu bạn cứ đọc từ từ chậm chậm cũng đc cho hiểu cách đọc của từ, sau đó nghe băng đĩa xem thế nào, thường mình nghe thì thấy họ đọc nhanh nên đôi khi nghe nó khác, vả lại họ đọc còn nhấn nhá trọng âm&lt;br /&gt;ví dụ mình nghe từ have, mình đọc từ từ thì là he vờ, còn nghe đĩa nghe thành hép(v)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-2927504677183953342?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/2927504677183953342/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/cach-phat-am.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2927504677183953342'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2927504677183953342'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/cach-phat-am.html' title='Cách phát âm'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-6318019145805095552</id><published>2009-05-09T00:48:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:15:07.841-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Tiếp Đầu Ngữ</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:times new roman;"&gt;Bạn đả bao giờ nghe hay hiểu kỹ về tiếp đầu ngữ chưa, Bài viết này sẽ giúp bạn về điều đó ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A. With the meaning ' not'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;prefixes can be added to some words to give them a negative meaning&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;happy --------&gt; unhappy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;possible-------&gt; impossible&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;correct--------&gt; incorrect&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;like -----------&gt; dislike (v)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;legal ----------&gt; illegal (=against the law/wrong)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;regular---------&gt; irregular&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;un- is most common, e.g unfriendly, unable, unusual, unnecessary, unemployed (=without a job), untidy (= not in order; also, in a mess) , unkind, unpleasant (= horrible).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;in- is often used before words with a Latin origin, e.g invisible (=cannot be seen), informal, inadequate (= not good enough, e.g. The car park is inadequate for a big supermarket like that)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;im- is used before some words beginning with 'm' or 'p', e.g. impolite, impossible, impatient (someone who is 'impatient' wants things to happen now; they cannot wait for things), immoral&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;il- can be used before 'L', e.g. illegible (= impossile to read because the writing is bad)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ir- is only used before a few words beginning with 'r', e.g. irresponsible ( vô trách nhiệm)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;dis- is used before some adjectives, e.g. dishonest ( a 'dishonest' person is someone you cannot trust, and often does not tell truth), and a few werbs, e.g. dislike, disagree&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B. Verb prefixes : un- and dis-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With some verbs, these prefixes can also mean ' the oppsite of an action'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The plan appeared in the sky , then suddenly disappeared behind a cloud.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I locked the door when i left, but then I lost the key and could'nt unlock it when I got back.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I got dressed (=put on my clothes) and had my breakfast.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I got undressed (= took off my clothes) and got into bed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I had to pack my suitcase/do my packing (=put everything in it) very quickly, so when I unpacked (= took things out) at the hotel, most of my clothes looked terrible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C. Other verb prefixes with specific meanings ( nghĩa cụ thể)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;re- (=again)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The shop closed down but it'll reopen next month.&lt;br /&gt;I failed my exam but I can retake/redo it next year&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;over- (=too much)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My boss is overdoing it at the moment (=working too hard)&lt;br /&gt;I went to bed very late and i overslept (= slept too long) this morning.&lt;br /&gt;The shop assistant overcharged me. (= asked me for too much money)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;mis- (=badly or incorrectly)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I'm afraid I misunderstood what he said.&lt;br /&gt;Two of the students misread the first question.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-6318019145805095552?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/6318019145805095552/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/tiep-au-ngu.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6318019145805095552'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6318019145805095552'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/tiep-au-ngu.html' title='Tiếp Đầu Ngữ'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-1165682325544366315</id><published>2009-05-09T00:47:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-11T19:35:52.687-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Luật song hành hay cấu trúc song hành</title><content type='html'>Mình thấy phần này trong cuốn ‘’Bí quyết thi trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh’’tác giả Lê Đình Bì(anh hiện đang là trưởng ban biên tập báo Thanh Niên tại Anh quốc) cũng rất hay nên post lên cho các bạn trong dethi đây: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Parallelism – tạm dịch là Luật song hành, hay còn gọi là nghệ thuật cấu trúc song song ( the art of parallel structure) trong cấu trúc câu – có nghĩa là những phần tương tự trong một câu phải có cùng một cấu trúc, tức là chúng ta phải sử dụng những cấu trúc tương tự để diễn tả những ý nghĩa tương tự. Parallelism giúp những bài viết mượt mà, dễ đọc và nhất là tránh được sự hiểu lầm. Khi viết một câu văn, nếu ta không giữ cho cấu trúc được song hành, tương đương nhau thì dễ gây hiểu lầm cho người đọc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PHẢI DÙNG LUẬT SONG HÀNH:&lt;br /&gt;1.Khi một chuỗi từ gồm hai từ hay cụm từ trở lên, thì mỗi thành phần trong chuỗi từ đó phải có cấu trúc ngữ pháp giống nhau. Dùng danh từ thì phải dùng hết thảy là danh từ, động từ với động từ, nhóm từ với nhóm từ tương đương… (trong những thí dụ dưới đây, những phần cần phải có cấu trúc song hành được in đậm).&lt;br /&gt;-My son says his new English teacher is modest, generosity, and sociable. ( không song hành )&lt;br /&gt;-My son says his new English teacher is modest, generous, and sociable. ( Song hành)&lt;br /&gt;Trong câu trên, khi liệt kê các đức tính của một người, nếu ta dùng tính từ thì phải dùng hết thảy đều là tính từ ( câu có chứa generosity sai vì từ này là danh từ, không song hành với các tình từ modest và sociable nên ta phải sửa lại là generous)&lt;br /&gt;2.Cấu trúc song hành rất thông dụng khi dùng diễn tả 2 ý tưởng và đặc biệt thích hợp khi đó là những ý tưởng so sánh hoặc tương phản.&lt;br /&gt;-The branch office in Denver was better equipped than Houston. (Không song hành)&lt;br /&gt;-The branch office in Denver was better equipped than the one in Houston. ( Song hành)&lt;br /&gt;3.Sử dụng cấu trúc song hành trong những câu có cặp liên từ tương quan: either/ or, neither/ nor, not only/ but also…&lt;br /&gt;- Helen wanted not only to graduate from colledge but also money. (không song hành)&lt;br /&gt;- Helen wanted not only to graduate from colledge but also to make more money. (Song hành)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lưu ý:Khi dùng cấu trúc song hành, cần thận trọng không lược bỏ những từ cần thiết như: giới từ, đại từ liên hệ….&lt;br /&gt;-We considered moving to a small town in the Northwest or a suburb of Denver. (không song hành)-We considered moving to a small town in the Northwest or to a suburb of Denver. (song hành)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nhưng nếu trong một chuỗi 3 cụm từ trở lên, chúng ta có thể lược bỏ giới từ hoặc mạo từ sau khi đã đưa ra ở liệt kê thứ nhất. Nhớ là đã bỏ từ liệt kê thứ hai trở đi thì bỏ hết, chứ không đưa lại vào liệt kê sau cùng.&lt;br /&gt;-On his first visit to New York he was delighted with the sound of people speaking English, with the grandeur of the architecture being built in the center of the city, and with the delicious feeling of a person being away from home.&lt;br /&gt;--&gt; On his first visit to New York he was delighted with the sound of people speaking English, the grandeur of the architecture being built in the center of the city, and the delicious feeling of a person being away from home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Quy tắc:&lt;br /&gt;Những câu hoặc những phần của các câu, vốn có ý tưởng liên kết với nhau, cần phải được diễn tả bằng hình thức ngữ pháp giống nhau.&lt;br /&gt;Những bước tiến hành:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bước 1: Nhìn toàn bộ các câu rồi đặt câu hỏi: Câu này có chứa liệt kê những ý tưởng tương tự nhau hay không?&lt;br /&gt;Bước 2: Nếu có hãy quan sát từng thành phần của liệt kê, xem có phần nào khác biệt với các phần còn lại không. Nếu không câu đã hoàn chỉnh. Nếu có cần sửa lại theo luật cấu trúc song hành.&lt;br /&gt;NHỮNG PHẦN CỦA CÂU CÓ THỂ SỬ DỤNG LUẬT SONG HÀNH:&lt;br /&gt;-Cả câu (entire sentence)&lt;br /&gt;-Một phần của câu ( sentence part )&lt;br /&gt;-Phần phụ (subordinate addition)&lt;br /&gt;-Phần nhỏ hơn trong phần phụ ( subpart of subordinate addition)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-1165682325544366315?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/1165682325544366315/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/luat-song-hanh-hay-cau-truc-song-hanh.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1165682325544366315'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/1165682325544366315'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/luat-song-hanh-hay-cau-truc-song-hanh.html' title='Luật song hành hay cấu trúc song hành'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-3477570223230152368</id><published>2009-05-09T00:45:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:16:52.617-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Một số cách dùng thêm của If</title><content type='html'>Nhắc đến IF chúng ta thường nhắc đến 3 hay 4 loại If nhưng đằng sau đó If còn có nhiều loại nữa ,,, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.If....then :Nếu...thì&lt;br /&gt;VD: If she can't come to us,then we will have to go and see her&lt;br /&gt;2.If dùng trong dạng câu không phải điều kiện: Động từ ở các mệnh đề diễn biến bình thường theo thời gian của chính nó&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;VD:If you want to learn a musical instrument,you have to practice&lt;br /&gt;If you did not do much maths at school,you will find economics difficult to understand&lt;br /&gt;If that was Marry,why didn't she stop and stay hello&lt;br /&gt;3.If....should = If... happen to... =If... should happen to... diễn đạt sự không chắc chắn&lt;br /&gt;If you should happen to pass a supermarket,perhaps you could get some eggs (ngỗ nhỡ anh có tình cờ đi qua chợ có lẽ mua cho em ít đường)&lt;br /&gt;4.If...was/were to...&lt;br /&gt;-Diễn đạt điều kiện không có thật hoặc tưởng tượng ở tương lai&lt;br /&gt;VD: If the boss was/were to come in now (= if the boss came in now) ,we would be in real trouble&lt;br /&gt;What would we do if I was/were to lose my job&lt;br /&gt;-Hoặc có thể diễn đạt một ý lịch sự khi đưa ra lời đề nghị&lt;br /&gt;Vd: If you were to move your hair a bit,we could all sit down&lt;br /&gt;(nếu anh vui lòng dich ghế của anh ra một chút thì chúng ta có thể cùng ngồi được)&lt;br /&gt;Note:Cấu trúc này tuyệt đối không được dùng với các động từ tĩnh hoặc chỉ trạng thái tư duy.&lt;br /&gt;Vd:Correct:If I knew her name,I would tell you&lt;br /&gt;Incorrect:If I was/were to know...&lt;br /&gt;5.If it+ to be+ not+ for : Nếu không vì,nếu không nhờ vào.&lt;br /&gt;-Thời hiện tại:&lt;br /&gt;If it wasn't/weren't for the children,that couple wouldn't have any thing to talk aboult&lt;br /&gt;(nếu không vì những đứa con thì vợ chồng nhà ấy chả có chuyện gì để mà nói)&lt;br /&gt;-thời quá khứ:&lt;br /&gt;If it hadn't been for your help,I don't know what we would have done&lt;br /&gt;(Nếu không nhờ vào sự giúp đỡ của anh thì tôi cũng không biết là chúng tôi sẽ làm gì đây)&lt;br /&gt;6."Not" đôi khi được thêm vào những động từ sau "IF" để bày tỏ sự nghi ngờ không chắc chắn(Có nên... hay không )&lt;br /&gt;I wonder if we shouldn't ask the doctor to look at Mary&lt;br /&gt;7.It would... if+ subject+ would...(sẽ là... nếu- không được dùng trong văn viết )&lt;br /&gt;VD:It would be better if they would tell every body in advance&lt;br /&gt;(sẽ là tốt hơn nếu họ không kể cho mọi người từ trước )&lt;br /&gt;How would we feel if this would happen to our family&lt;br /&gt;(ta sẽ cảm thấy thế nào nếu điều này xảy ra đối với gia đình chúng ta )&lt;br /&gt;8.If...'d have...' have ùng trong văn nói không dùng trong văn viết ,diễn đạt điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ.&lt;br /&gt;If I'd have known,I'd have told you&lt;br /&gt;If she'd have recognized him it would have benn funny&lt;br /&gt;9.If+ preposition+ noun/verb...(subject+ be bị lược bỏ)&lt;br /&gt;If in doubt,ask for help (= if you are in doubt)&lt;br /&gt;If about to go on a long journey,try to have a good nichts sleep&lt;br /&gt;(=If you are about to go on...)&lt;br /&gt;10. If được dùng khá phổ biến với một số từ như " any/ anything/ever/ not " diễn đạt ý phủ định&lt;br /&gt;VD: I'm not angry .If anything,I feel a little surprised&lt;br /&gt;(tôi không giận dữ gì đâu. mà trái lại tôi cảm thấy hơi ngạc nhiên )&lt;br /&gt;-Thành ngữ này còn diễn đạt ý ướm thử:Nếu có...&lt;br /&gt;VD: I'd say he was more like a father,if anything&lt;br /&gt;(tôi xin nói rằng ông ấy còn hơn cả một người cha,nếu có thể nói thế )&lt;br /&gt;He seldom if ever travel abroard&lt;br /&gt;(Anh ta chả mấy khi đi ra nước ngoài)&lt;br /&gt;Usually,if not always,we write "cannot" as one word&lt;br /&gt;(thông thương nhưng không phải là luôn luôn)&lt;br /&gt;11. If+ Adjective= although(cho dù là )&lt;br /&gt;-Nghĩa không mạnh bằng althought-Dùng để diễn đạt quan điểm riêng hoặc vấn đề gì đó không quan trọng&lt;br /&gt;Vd:His style,if simple,is pleasant to read&lt;br /&gt;(văn phong của ông ta,cho dù đơn giản,thì đọc cũng thú)&lt;br /&gt;-Cấu trúc này có thể thay băng may... ,but&lt;br /&gt;His style may be simple,but it is pleasant to read&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-3477570223230152368?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/3477570223230152368/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/mot-so-cach-dung-them-cua-if.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3477570223230152368'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3477570223230152368'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/mot-so-cach-dung-them-cua-if.html' title='Một số cách dùng thêm của If'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-6634484160820117971</id><published>2009-05-09T00:42:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:17:22.975-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Quick review: The comparison of adverbs and the position of adverbs in sentences</title><content type='html'>English Grammar In Brief - A quick review là một tutorial gồm các bài viết ngắn gọn, nhiều ví dụ về các chủ đề chính trong tiếng Anh. Các bạn không nhất thiết phải đọc lần lượt hay toàn bộ tutorial này, chỉ cần thấy thiếu kiến thức về chủ đề nào là đọc chủ đề đó. Rất nhanh và dễ hiểu, dễ nhớ. Chúc các bạn học tốt. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are three forms:&lt;br /&gt;- positive&lt;br /&gt;- comparative&lt;br /&gt;- superlative&lt;br /&gt;A - Comparison with -er/-est&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;hard - harder - (the) hardest&lt;br /&gt;We use -er/-est with the following adverbs:&lt;br /&gt;1) all adverbs with one syllable&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;fast faster fastest high higher highest 2) The adverb: early&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B - Comparison with more - most&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;carefully - more carefully - (the) most carefully&lt;br /&gt;adverbs ending on -ly (not: early)&lt;br /&gt;C - Irregular adverbs&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;well better best&lt;br /&gt;badly worse worst&lt;br /&gt;much more most&lt;br /&gt;little less least&lt;br /&gt;late later last&lt;br /&gt;far farther further farthest&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ATTENTION!&lt;br /&gt;In informal English some adverbs are used without -ly (e.g. cheap, loud, quick). There are two forms of comparison possible, depending on the form af the adverb:&lt;br /&gt;cheaply - more cheaply - most cheaply&lt;br /&gt;cheap - cheaper - cheapest&lt;br /&gt;The position of adverbs in sentences&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We can put adverbs in different positions in sentences. There are three main positions but also a lot of exceptions.&lt;br /&gt;In English we never put an adverb between the verb and the object.&lt;br /&gt;We often play handball. - CORRECT We play often handball. - WRONG&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The three main positions of adverbs in English sentences&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1) Adverb at the beginning of a sentence&lt;br /&gt;Unfortunately, we could not see Mount Snowdon.&lt;br /&gt;2) Adverb in the middle of a sentence&lt;br /&gt;The children often ride their bikes.&lt;br /&gt;3) Adverb at the end of a sentence&lt;br /&gt;Andy reads a comic every afternoon.&lt;br /&gt;More than one adverb at the end of a sentence&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If there are more adverbs at the end of a sentence, the word order is normally:&lt;br /&gt;Manner- Place - Time&lt;br /&gt;Peter sang the song happily in the bathroom yesterday evening.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-6634484160820117971?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/6634484160820117971/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/quick-review-comparison-of-adverbs-and.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6634484160820117971'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6634484160820117971'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/quick-review-comparison-of-adverbs-and.html' title='Quick review: The comparison of adverbs and the position of adverbs in sentences'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-9193268149305311090</id><published>2009-05-09T00:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:18:04.908-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Modal Verbs</title><content type='html'>Can, Have, Must... Đó là gì, Trong Tiếng Anh đó là MODAL VERBS, vậy để hiểu hơn cùng những ví dụ, chắc sẽ giúp bạn một phần gì đó trong học tiếng anh ... &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We use 'can' to talk about 'possibility'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Can you do that?&lt;br /&gt;• I can't manage to do that.&lt;br /&gt;• You can leave your car in that parking space.&lt;br /&gt;• You cannot smoke in here.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notice that there are two negative forms: 'can't' and 'cannot'. These mean exactly the same thing. When we are speaking, we usually say 'can't'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We use 'can' to talk about 'ability'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• I can speak English fluently.&lt;br /&gt;• I can't drive a car.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We use 'can' to ask for and give permission. (We also use 'may' for this but is more formal and much less common.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Can I speak to you or are you too busy?&lt;br /&gt;• You can use my phone.&lt;br /&gt;• You can't come in.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We use 'can' in offers, requests and instructions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Can I help?&lt;br /&gt;• Can you give me a hand?&lt;br /&gt;• When you finish that, you can take out the garbage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We use 'can' with 'see' 'hear' 'feel' 'smell' 'taste' to talk about something which is happening now . (Where you would use the present continuous with most other verbs.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• I can smell something burning.&lt;br /&gt;• Can you hear that noise?&lt;br /&gt;• I can't see anything.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We can use 'can't' for deduction. The opposite of 'can't' in this context is 'must'..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• He was in London one hour ago when I spoke to him. He can't be here yet.&lt;br /&gt;• You can't be hungry. You've just eaten.&lt;br /&gt;• You must be hungry. You haven't eaten anything all day.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;COULD&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'Could' can be used to talk about the past, the present or the future.&lt;br /&gt;'Could' is a past form of 'can'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• When I was living in Singapore, I could walk to work.&lt;br /&gt;• He phoned to say he couldn't come.&lt;br /&gt;• I could see him clearly but I couldn't hear him and then the videoconference line went dead.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'Could' is used to make polite requests. We can also use 'can' for these but 'could' is more polite.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Could you help me, please?&lt;br /&gt;• Could you lend me some money?&lt;br /&gt;• Could I have a lift?&lt;br /&gt;• Could I bother you for a moment?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If we use 'could' in reply to these requests, it suggests that we do not really want to do it. If you agree to the request, it is better to say 'can'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Of course I can.&lt;br /&gt;• I could help you if it's really necessary but I'm really busy right now.&lt;br /&gt;• I could lend you some money but I'd need it back tomorrow without fail.&lt;br /&gt;• I could give you a lift as far as Birmingham.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'Could' is used to talk about theoretical possibility and is similar in meaning to 'might'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• It could rain later. Take an umbrella.&lt;br /&gt;• He could be there by now.&lt;br /&gt;• Could he be any happier?&lt;br /&gt;• It could be Sarah's&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MAY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We can use 'may' to ask for permission. However this is rather formal and not used very often in modern spoken English.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• May I leave now?&lt;br /&gt;• May I borrow your car?&lt;br /&gt;• May we think about it until tomorrow?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We use 'may' to suggest something is possible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• John may come to stay with us&lt;br /&gt;• I may not have time to do it straightaway.&lt;br /&gt;• It may snow later today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MIGHT&lt;br /&gt;We use 'might' to suggest a small possibility of something. Often we read that 'might' suggests a smaller possibility that 'may', there is in fact little difference and 'might is more usual than 'may' in spoken English.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• It might rain this afternoon.&lt;br /&gt;• She might be at home by now but it's not sure at all.&lt;br /&gt;• I might not have time to go to the shops for you.&lt;br /&gt;• I might not go.&lt;br /&gt;For the past, we use 'might have'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• He might have tried to call you while you were out.&lt;br /&gt;• I might have left it in the taxi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SHOULD&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We use 'should' for giving advice.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• You should speak to him about it.&lt;br /&gt;• You should see a doctor.&lt;br /&gt;• You should ask a lawyer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We use 'should' to give an opinion or a recommendation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• We should invest more in China.&lt;br /&gt;• They should do something about this terrible train service.&lt;br /&gt;• He should resign.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'Should' expresses a personal opinion and is much weaker and more personal than 'must' or 'have to'. It is often introduced by ' I think'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• I think they should replace him.&lt;br /&gt;• I don't think they should keep the contract.&lt;br /&gt;• Do you think I should tell her?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MUST &amp; HAVE TO&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- We can use 'must' to show that we are certain something is true. We are making a logical deduction based upon some clear evidence or reason.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• There's no heating on. You must be freezing.&lt;br /&gt;• I can't remember what I did with it. I must be getting old.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- We also use 'must' to express a strong obligation. When we use 'must' this usually means that some personal circumstance makes the obligation necessary.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• I must go to bed earlier.&lt;br /&gt;• You must come and see us some time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- We can also use 'have to' to express a strong obligation. When we use 'have to' this usually means that some external circumstance makes the obligation necessary.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• I have to arrive at work at 9 sharp. My boss is very strict.&lt;br /&gt;• You have to pass your exams or the university will not accept you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- In British English, we often use 'have got to' to mean the same as 'have to'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• I've got to take this book back to the library or I'll get a fine.&lt;br /&gt;• We've got to finish now as somebody else needs this room.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- We can also use ' will have to' to talk about strong obligations. Like 'must' this usually means that that some personal circumstance makes the obligation necessary. (Remember that 'will' is often used to show 'willingness'.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• I'll have to speak to him.&lt;br /&gt;• We'll have to have lunch and catch up on all the gossip.&lt;br /&gt;** As you can see, the differences between the present forms are sometimes very small and very subtle. However, there is a huge difference in the negative forms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We use "mustn't" to express strong obligations NOT to do something.&lt;br /&gt;• I mustn't eat chocolate. It's bad for me.&lt;br /&gt;• You mustn't phone me at work. We aren't allowed personal calls.&lt;br /&gt;We use "don't have to" (or "haven't got to" in British English) to state that there is NO obligation or necessity.&lt;br /&gt;• You don't have to come if you don't want to.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-9193268149305311090?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/9193268149305311090/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/modal-verbs.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/9193268149305311090'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/9193268149305311090'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/modal-verbs.html' title='Modal Verbs'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-7846265812551952625</id><published>2009-05-09T00:29:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:19:28.733-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>31 từ đẹp nhất trong tiếng Anh...</title><content type='html'>Theo một tín ngưỡng xa xưa nào đó, chức năng của ngôn ngữ ban đầu bao gồm cả việc tương thông, liên kết với các vị thần cai quản thời gian, vì người ta tin rằng, ngôn ngữ có thể được lắng nghe bởi các vị thần. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bạn biết không, 31 từ đẹp nhất này do Hội đồng Anh (Bristish Council) tuyển chọn, và theo 1 tín ngưỡng xa xưa nào đó, chức năng của ngôn ngữ ban đầu bao gồm cả việc tương thông, liên kết với các vị thần cai quản thời gian, vì người ta tin rằng, ngôn ngữ có thể được lắng nghe bởi các vị thần.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Do vậy, người ta đã chia 31 từ này cho 31 ngày trong 1 tháng, cùng 12 từ quan trọng đầu tiên cho 12 tháng để mong được may mắn suốt năm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chúng ta có thể căn cứ vào 31 từ này để làm 1 bài bói vui nhé, bạn hãy lấy ngày sinh nhật của mình và tra với bảng trên, theo quy tắc 31 từ là 31 ngày và 12 từ đầu tiên là tháng. Sinh nhật của bạn nói lên điều gì nào?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. mother: người mẹ, tình mẫu tử&lt;br /&gt;2. passion: tình cảm, cảm xúc&lt;br /&gt;3. smile: nụ cười thân thiện&lt;br /&gt;4. love: tình yêu&lt;br /&gt;5. eternity: sự bất diệt, vĩnh cửu&lt;br /&gt;6. fantastic: xuất sắc, tuyệt vời&lt;br /&gt;7. destiny: số phận, định mệnh&lt;br /&gt;8. freedom: sự tự do&lt;br /&gt;9. liberty: quyền tự do&lt;br /&gt;10. tranquility: sự bình yên&lt;br /&gt;11. peace: sự hoà bình&lt;br /&gt;12. blossom: sự hứa hẹn, triển vọng&lt;br /&gt;13. sunshine: ánh nắng, sự hân hoan&lt;br /&gt;14. sweetheart: người yêu dấu&lt;br /&gt;15. gorgeous: lộng lẫy, huy hoàng&lt;br /&gt;16. cherish: yêu thương&lt;br /&gt;17. enthusiasm: sự hăng hái, nhiệt tình&lt;br /&gt;18. hope: sự hy vọng&lt;br /&gt;19. grace: sự duyên dáng&lt;br /&gt;20. rainbow: cầu vồng, sự may mắn&lt;br /&gt;21. blue: màu thiên thanh&lt;br /&gt;22. sunflower: hoa hướng dương&lt;br /&gt;23. twinkle: sự long lanh&lt;br /&gt;24. serendipity: sự tình cờ, may mắn&lt;br /&gt;25. bliss: niềm vui sướng vô bờ&lt;br /&gt;26. lullaby: bài hát ru con, sự dỗ dành&lt;br /&gt;27. sophisticated: sự tinh vi&lt;br /&gt;28. renaissance: sự phục hưng&lt;br /&gt;29. cute: xinh xắn đáng yêu&lt;br /&gt;30. cosy: ấm cúng&lt;br /&gt;31. butterfly: bươm bướm, sự kiêu sa. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-7846265812551952625?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/7846265812551952625/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/31-tu-ep-nhat-trong-tieng-anh.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/7846265812551952625'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/7846265812551952625'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/31-tu-ep-nhat-trong-tieng-anh.html' title='31 từ đẹp nhất trong tiếng Anh...'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-4255630952013581233</id><published>2009-05-09T00:28:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:19:52.417-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Chuyển đổi vị trí tân ngữ trực tiếp và gián tiếp</title><content type='html'>Có hai cách sử dụng tân ngữ của một ngoại động từ mà ý nghĩa của câu không thay đổi. Tân ngữ gián tiếp (indirect object) là tân ngữ chỉ đồ vật hoặc người mà hành động xảy ra đối với (hoặc dành cho) đồ vật hoặc người đó. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tân ngữ trực tiếp (direct object) là người hoặc vật đầu tiên nhận tác động của hành động. Tân ngữ gián tiếp có thể đứng sau tân ngữ trực tiếp, ngăn cách bởi một giới từ hoặc cũng có thể đứng trước tân ngữ trực tiếp (mà không có giới từ). Giới từ thường dùng ở đây là for và to. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;I gave the book to Jim.&lt;br /&gt;The book là tân ngữ trực tiếp và hành động đầu tiên là hành động cầm lấy quyển sách trong tay và hành động thứ hai (gián tiếp) là đưa nó cho Jim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Khi muốn đổi vị trí giữa tân ngữ trực tiếp và tân ngữ gián tiếp, ta sử dụng một trong hai công thức sau:&lt;br /&gt;Subject + verb + direct object + [for / to] + indirect object&lt;br /&gt;I gave the book to Jim.&lt;br /&gt;The little boy brought some flowers for his grandmother.&lt;br /&gt;He lent his car to his brother&lt;br /&gt;Subject + verb + indirect object + direct object&lt;br /&gt;I gave Jim the book.&lt;br /&gt;The little boy brought his grandmother some flowers.&lt;br /&gt;He lent his brother his car.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Không phải động từ nào cũng cho phép đổi vị trí tân ngữ trực tiếp và gián tiếp. Bảng sau là một số động từ cho phép đổi:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;bring&lt;br /&gt;build&lt;br /&gt;buy&lt;br /&gt;cut&lt;br /&gt;draw&lt;br /&gt;feed&lt;br /&gt;find&lt;br /&gt;get&lt;br /&gt;give&lt;br /&gt;hand&lt;br /&gt;leave&lt;br /&gt;lend&lt;br /&gt;make&lt;br /&gt;offer&lt;br /&gt;own&lt;br /&gt;paint&lt;br /&gt;pass&lt;br /&gt;pay&lt;br /&gt;promise&lt;br /&gt;read&lt;br /&gt;sell&lt;br /&gt;send&lt;br /&gt;show&lt;br /&gt;teach&lt;br /&gt;tell&lt;br /&gt;write&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Một số trong các từ trên có thể dùng được cả với for và to, một số khác chỉ dùng với một trong 2 giới từ. Chú ý rằng trong công thức thứ hai nêu trên, khi tân ngữ gián tiếp đứng trước tân ngữ trực tiếp thì không dùng giới từ giữa chúng:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Đúng: The director's secretary sent them the menuscript last night.&lt;br /&gt;Sai: The director's secretary sent to them the menuscript last night.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nếu cả tân ngữ trực tiếp và gián tiếp đều là đại từ thì chỉ được dùng công thức thứ nhất, không dùng công thức 2:&lt;br /&gt;Đúng: They gave it to us.&lt;br /&gt;Sai: They gave us it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chú ý: Hai động từ introduce (giới thiệu ai với ai) và mention (đề cập đến cái gì trước mặt ai) luôn dùng cùng với giới từ to nên chúng không cho phép chuyển đổi vị trí hai tân ngữ trực tiếp và gián tiếp.&lt;br /&gt;I introduce John to Dr. Tim.&lt;br /&gt;I introduce Dr. Tim to John.&lt;br /&gt;He mentions the party to me.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-4255630952013581233?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/4255630952013581233/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/chuyen-oi-vi-tri-tan-ngu-truc-tiep-va.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/4255630952013581233'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/4255630952013581233'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/chuyen-oi-vi-tri-tan-ngu-truc-tiep-va.html' title='Chuyển đổi vị trí tân ngữ trực tiếp và gián tiếp'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-3648756599949241121</id><published>2009-05-09T00:27:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T02:01:25.943-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Common mistakes in English - P1</title><content type='html'>Bạn thường hay sai những lồi trong Tiếng Anh về hình thức, thiếu sót, dư thừa. ....Bài viết này sẽ giúp bạn .... &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 1 : Misused froms Lỗi về hình thức&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 2 : Incorrect omissions Lỗi thiếu sót&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 3 : Unnecessary words Dư từ không cần thiết&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 4 : Misplaced words Đặt từ sai vị trí&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 5 : Confused words Các từ dễ lầm lẫn&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 6 : Adjectives often confused Tính từ dễ lầm lẫn&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 7 : Nouns often confused Danh từ dễ lầm lẫn&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 8 : Singular or plural Số ít hay số nhiều&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 9 : Confusion of parts of speech Lầm lẫn trong thành phần câu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Appendices :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1&gt;Look-alike and sound-alike Từ nhìn giống nhau và nghe giống nhau&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2&gt;Phrasal verbs Động từ kép thường gặp&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3&gt;Irregular verbs Động từ bất quy tắc&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See also Common mistakes in English by J.J. Fitikides and Spell it right of Harry Shaw.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 1 :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.Mistakes in double possessive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Right : A friend of his is my wife&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wrong : A friend of him is my wife&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sở hữu cách kép được sử dụng khi muốn nhấn mạnh yếu tố cá nhân mà cá&lt;br /&gt;nhân đó có sự sở hữu hơn là nhấn mạnh vào vật mà cá nhân đó sở hữu. A&lt;br /&gt;friend of his tương đương One of his friends.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.Each other and One another&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Each other chỉ dùng khi nói đến hai người còn one another thì dùng khi đề cập đến ba người trở nên.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hai cô bé này luôn giúp đỡ lẫn nhau :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Right : These two girls always help each other.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wrong : These two girls always help one another.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ba gia đình này thường giúp đỡ nhau :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Right :These three families often help one another.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wrong : These three families often help each other.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Wrong to compare&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So sánh hơn được dùng khi nói đến hai người hoặc hai vật còn so sánh nhất chỉ dùng khi nói đến từ ba người hoặc ba vật trở nên.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trong lớp, Bill là anh chàng thông minh nhất :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bill is the most intelligent boy in class.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trong hai anh em, Bill thông minh hơn Dane.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bill is more intelligent than his only brother, Dane.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Wrong to use verb in passive form.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Các nội động từ thường không được dùng ở thể bị động. See also&lt;br /&gt;Troublesome verbs and Verbs that have stative meanings of coldmountain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Right : He disappeared from the hospital.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wrong : He was disappear from the hospital.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.Wrong to use verb&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Right : It’s better to study while young than to spend all the time in play.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wrong : It’s better to study while young than spending all the time in play.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tương tự, khi sử dụng các động từ trong một câu, ta phải dùng đồng bộ chứ không được “ mỗi người một vẻ, toàn phần tiêu ma”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-3648756599949241121?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/3648756599949241121/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/common-mistakes-in-english-p1.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3648756599949241121'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3648756599949241121'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/common-mistakes-in-english-p1.html' title='Common mistakes in English - P1'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-6982022274059421484</id><published>2009-05-09T00:26:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:21:09.683-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Cách sử dụng Do và Make</title><content type='html'>Hai động từ “do” và “make” thường gây lung túng cho người học vì cả hai đều có thể dịch là “làm” trong tiếng Việt, đôi khi không biết phải chọn dùng từ nào cho đúng. Dưới đây là một vài điểm cần lưu ý về hai động từ này giúp bạn đưa ra phương án lựa chọn phù hợp với từng trường hợp cụ thể. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Cách dùng “do”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Dùng “do” cho các hoạt động hằng ngày, chú ý rằng những hoạt động này thường là không tạo nên vật gì cụ thể, không sáng tạo nên cái mới.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;do housework&lt;br /&gt;do the ironing&lt;br /&gt;do the dishes&lt;br /&gt;do a job&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Dùng “do” khi nói “làm” một cách chung chung, không đề cập chính xác tên của hoạt động. Thường đi với các từ: something, nothing, anything, everything…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I’m not doing anything today.&lt;br /&gt;He does everything for his mother.&lt;br /&gt;She’s doing nothing at the moment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Một số cách nói phổ biến dùng “do”:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;do one’s best&lt;br /&gt;do good&lt;br /&gt;do harm&lt;br /&gt;do a favour&lt;br /&gt;do business&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Cách dùng “make”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Dùng “make” diễn tả các hoạt động tạo nên cái gì đó cụ thể mà bạn có thể chạm vào được.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;make food&lt;br /&gt;make a cup of tea / coffee&lt;br /&gt;make a mess&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Một số cách nói phổ biến dùng “make”:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;make plans&lt;br /&gt;make an exception&lt;br /&gt;make arrangements&lt;br /&gt;make a telephone call&lt;br /&gt;make a decision&lt;br /&gt;make a mistake&lt;br /&gt;make noise&lt;br /&gt;make money&lt;br /&gt;make an excuse&lt;br /&gt;make an effort.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-6982022274059421484?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/6982022274059421484/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/cach-su-dung-do-va-make.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6982022274059421484'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6982022274059421484'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/cach-su-dung-do-va-make.html' title='Cách sử dụng Do và Make'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-3556494545675400679</id><published>2009-05-09T00:26:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T02:00:56.246-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Từ vựng về các loại tội phạm</title><content type='html'>Nhớ cả nhà quá, mấy ngày này thành phố em cúp điện hoài nên chả lên được gì cả, hôm nay có điện tranh thủ lên post bài tý! Bài mà em post sau đây là từ về các loại TỘI PHẠM.Các pác cứ nhìn từ trái qua phải nhé! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cột đầu là CRIME, cột hai là CRIMINAL , cột ba là VERB và cột cuối là&lt;br /&gt;MEANING hen!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abduction – abductor – to abduct – kidnapping (bắt cóc ý)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Arson – arsonist – set fire to – đốt cháy nhà ai đó&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Assault – assailant – assult – to attack someone – tấn công ai đó&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Assisting sucide – accomplice to suicide – to assist suicide – help someone kill themselves (giúp ai đó tự tử, eo ôi có ai dám làm cái chuyện này nhỉ?)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bank robbery – bank robber – to rob a bank (cướp nhà băng đếy)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bigamy – bigamist – to commit bigany – married to 2 people (choy` ui, cái này gọi là bắt cá 2 tay ý mà) =&gt; sau này em định trở thành bigamist đếy, có ai muốn làm bigamist ko?Hĩ hĩ hĩ!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Blackmail – blackmailer – to blackmail – threatening to do something unless a condition is met (đe dọa để lấy tiền)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bribery – someone who brite – bribe – give someone money to do something for you (cho ai đó tiền để ng` đó làm việc cho mình)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Burglary – burglar – burgle – ăn trộm đồ trong nhà&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Drunk driving – drunk driver – to drink and drive – uống rượu khi lài xe&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Drug dealing – drug dealer – to deal drug – buôn ma túy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fraud – fraudster – to defraud/ commit fraud – lying people to get money (lừa ai để lấy tiền)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hijacking – hijacker – to hijack – taking a vehicle by force (chặn xe cộ đê cướp)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Manslaughter – killer- to kill – kill a person without planning it (giết ai đó mà ko có kế hoạch, cái này có thể là do bất chợt đang cãi nhau chyện gì đó mà ko kìm chế nổi thế là giết nhau)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mugging – mugger – to mug – trấn lột&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Murder – murderer – to murder – giết người (cái này là có kế hoạch à nha)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rape – rapist – to rape - cưỡng hiếp (má ui kinh wa’)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speeding – speeder – to speed - phóng nhanh wa’ tốc độ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stalking – stalker – to stalk - đi lén theo ai đó để theo dõi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shoplifting – shoplifter – to shoplift - chôm chỉa đồ ở cửa hàng&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smuggling – smuggler – to smuggle – buôn lậu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Treason – traitor- to commit treason – phản bội&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-3556494545675400679?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/3556494545675400679/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/tu-vung-ve-cac-loai-toi-pham.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3556494545675400679'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/3556494545675400679'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/tu-vung-ve-cac-loai-toi-pham.html' title='Từ vựng về các loại tội phạm'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-378143088208559858</id><published>2009-05-09T00:25:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:21:40.489-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Phân Biệt “Let’s go home” và “It’s high time we went home”</title><content type='html'>“Let’s go home” và “It’s high time we went home”&lt;br /&gt;Cả hai câu trên đều đúng theo ngữ pháp chuẩn của tiếng Anh. Trong tiếng Anh, có nhiều cách khác nhau để diễn đạt cùng một ý tưởng. Cấu trúc với Let’s và It’s high time là một ví dụ. Việc bạn lựa chọn cách nào là tuỳ thuộc vào hoàn cảnh sử dụng cụ thể: bạn đang nói chuyện với ai, bạn muốn chuyển tải điều gì và phong cách nói chuyện mà bạn muốn thể hiện. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let’s là dạng viết tắt của “Let us”. Sau cấu trúc này là một động từ nguyên thể không TO và thường được dùng để diễn đạt một đề xuất hay gợi ý trong một cuộc nói chuyện thân mật. Trong những trường hợp như vậy, nó thường được dùng dưới dạng câu hỏi đuôi: “Let’s do something, shall we?”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thử tưởng tượng là bạn đang có mặt ở một bữa tiệc, lúc đó đã khá muộn, bạn đã mệt và hôm sau bạn còn phải đi làm. Bạn đi tới đó cùng với một người bạn và vì đã muộn bạn muốn về nhà. Bạn có thể nói với bạn mình “Let’s go, shall we?” (Bọn mình đi thôi chứ). Đây là một cách nói lịch sự và tế nhị để diễn đạt ý muốn của người nói.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Nếu bạn chỉ nói “Let’s go” thì sắc thái ý nghĩa của câu sẽ thay đổi. Lúc này câu nói giống như một lời yêu cầu hơn là một lời đề nghị. Bạn có thể thấy bố mẹ dùng cách nói này với con cái: “Come on, kids. Let’s go” (Về thôi các con). Lúc này người nói quyết định là đã đến lúc cần đi và trông đợi người nghe thực hiện điều mà anh ta / cô ta nói.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cấu trúc thứ hai có thể dùng để diễn đạt một đề xuất hay yêu cầu là “It’s high time”. Điều đặc biệt ở cấu trúc này là động từ trong câu chia ở thì quá khứ nhưng ý nghĩa của câu lại diễn đạt hành động trong hiện tại.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ: It’s high time we went. (Đã đến lúc chúng ta phải đi rồi)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Dạng quá khứ của động từ trong cấu trúc trên, theo những giáo viên bản xứ, là thức giả định của động từ. Trong tiếng Anh, thức giả định thường được dùng khi đề cập đến những tình huống không có thật hoặc tưởng tượng. Rõ ràng việc rời khỏi bữa tiệc trong ví dụ trên là chưa xảy ra. Nó mới chỉ là một tính huống giả định nằm trong đề xuất / yêu cầu của người nói.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ trên có thể diễn đạt một cách khác _ bằng câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại: “If I were you, I would go” (Nếu là bạn, tôi sẽ đi). Đây chỉ là một đề xuất mang tính chất giả định nhưng nó lại liên quan đến một tình huống trong hiện tại. Đó là lý do vì sao trong cấu trúc “It’s high time” động từ được chia ở thì quá khứ đơn giản mà lại diễn đạt một hành động trong hiện tại.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Ngoài ra, còn có một số cấu trúc khác có ý nghĩa và cách dùng tương tự như: “It’s time…” hay “It’s about time….”. Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- It’s time we left.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- It’s about time we left.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Về sắc thái ý nghĩa, cấu trúc It’s high time thường được dùng trong những trường hợp khẩn cấp như:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- It’s high time we left. Come on or we’ll miss the train.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Đã đến lúc chúng ta phải đi rồi. Đi thôi, nếu không chúng ta lỡ tàu mất)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- You’re 20 years old now. It’s high time you found a job, young man.&lt;br /&gt;(Con đã 20 tuổi. Đã đến lúc con phải tìm một công việc rồi, chàng trai trẻ)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-378143088208559858?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/378143088208559858/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/phan-biet-lets-go-home-va-its-high-time.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/378143088208559858'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/378143088208559858'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/phan-biet-lets-go-home-va-its-high-time.html' title='Phân Biệt “Let’s go home” và “It’s high time we went home”'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-6559226847114531038</id><published>2009-05-09T00:25:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:22:17.081-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Đảo ngữ để nhấn mạnh câu trong tiếng Anh</title><content type='html'>Vì thấy mọi người có vẽ lúng túng trong việc dùng đảo ngữ trong tiếng anh, nên mình mạn phép viết những gì mình học được về đảo ngữ cho mọi người tham khảo, đúng sai gì xin các bạn góp ý nhé . &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Các trường hợp dùng đảo ngữ đều để nhấn mạnh câu.&lt;br /&gt;1. Nhấn mạnh tính từ:&lt;br /&gt;Trong TA có thể đảo tính từ, cụm tính ngữ làm C(bổ ngữ) của “to be” ra trước để nhấn mạnh, đồng thời đảo “to be” ra trước S(chủ ngữ).&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;The probem is difficult.&lt;br /&gt;Difficult is the problem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The flies are on the book.&lt;br /&gt;On the book are the flies.&lt;br /&gt;Note: ở đây cụm “on the book” mình xem là “cụm tính ngữ”, cái này mình sẽ có 1 bài khác bàn về vấn đề này khi có điều kiện.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Nhấn mạnh động từ.&lt;br /&gt;Trong TA có thể nhấn mạnh động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn và quá khứ đơn bằng cách thêm trợ động từ “to do” ở dạng tương ứng.&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;I stayed at home yesterday.&lt;br /&gt;I did stay at home yesterday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.Nhấn mạnh trạng từ.&lt;br /&gt;Trong TA có thể nhấn mạnh 1 số trạng từ, cụm từ, mẹnh đề phụ làm trạng ngữ bằng cách đảo chúng ra đầu câu, đồng thời phải đảo động từ ra trước chủ ngữ như câu nghi vấn.&lt;br /&gt;+ only by/only after/only when…&lt;br /&gt;You can pass the exam once you study harder: bạn có thể vượt qua kỳ thi một khi bạn học tập cố gắng hơn.&lt;br /&gt;Only by/only when/only once studying harder can you pass the exam.(1)&lt;br /&gt;Note:&lt;br /&gt;(1)là trường hợp giản lược chủ ngữ và hay được dùng nhất, viết đầy đủ phải là.&lt;br /&gt;Only by/only when/only once you study harder can you pass the exam.(2)&lt;br /&gt;Phải bảo đảm thì của câu cho chính xác, trường hợp muốn xác định rõ thì thì phải chuyển về cách (2)&lt;br /&gt;+ never&lt;br /&gt;He hasn’t ever been to China.&lt;br /&gt;He has never been to China.&lt;br /&gt;Never has he been to China.&lt;br /&gt;+ not only&lt;br /&gt;They bought not only the house but also the car.&lt;br /&gt;Not only did they buy the house but also the car.&lt;br /&gt;+ not untill&lt;br /&gt;Not…untill: mãi…mới.&lt;br /&gt;I didn’t wake up untill 8 am today: Mãi đến 8 h sáng tôi mới tỉnh dậy.&lt;br /&gt;Not untill 8 am today did I wake up.(3)&lt;br /&gt;I didn’n know him until I start to study English: Mãi đến khi học tiếng anh tôi mới biết anh ấy.&lt;br /&gt;Not untill I started to study English did I know him.(4)&lt;br /&gt;Note: not untill vừa có thể đóng vai trò là giới từ (3), vừa có thể đóng vai trò làm liên từ phụ thuộc (4)&lt;br /&gt;+ hardly và no sooner.&lt;br /&gt;I stopped as soon as I saw her.(5) Tôi dừng lại ngay khi thấy cô ấy.&lt;br /&gt;I hardly had seen her when I stopped.(6)&lt;br /&gt;I no sooner had seen her then I stopped.(7)&lt;br /&gt;Hardly had I seen her when I stopped.&lt;br /&gt;No sooner had I seen her then I stopped.&lt;br /&gt;Note: “as soon as” là liên từ phụ thuộc chỉ hai hành động nối tiếp nên dùng thì “quá khứ đơn”.&lt;br /&gt;(6), (7) nghĩa như nhau: chỉ rằng 2 hành động xảy ra gần như là cùng lúc nhưng hành động “thấy” xảy ra trước, hành động “dừng lại xảy ra sau”. Liên từ phụ thuộc “when” dùng khi có “hardly”, còn “then” dùng khi có “no sooner”.&lt;br /&gt;Hardly, barely, scarely tương đương nhau.&lt;br /&gt;+ under no circumstances: trong truờng hợp nào cũng không.&lt;br /&gt;You shouldn’t go out late under any circumstances.&lt;br /&gt;Under no circumstances should you go out late. Trong bất cứ trường họp nào bạn cũng không được về trể.&lt;br /&gt;Note: để ý thấy rằng: “not…any” tương đương với “no”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-6559226847114531038?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/6559226847114531038/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/ao-ngu-e-nhan-manh-cau-trong-tieng-anh.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6559226847114531038'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6559226847114531038'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/ao-ngu-e-nhan-manh-cau-trong-tieng-anh.html' title='Đảo ngữ để nhấn mạnh câu trong tiếng Anh'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-538989404984031417</id><published>2009-05-09T00:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:22:44.155-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Pop in / pop out / pop round</title><content type='html'>Hello Marita. Thank you for your question about these three phrasal verbs: pop in, pop out, pop round. To begin with, in these verbs, ‘pop' means to go somewhere for a short time. The question is - where do you go? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you pop out, you leave the building that you are in, perhaps your house or office, and go outside, perhaps to do something like post a letter, buy some milk or have lunch. Look at these examples.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I'm just popping out to get some milk. I'll be back in a minute&lt;br /&gt;I'm afraid David's not here at the moment. He's just popped out for lunch. Can I take a message?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pop in has the opposite meaning. If you pop in somewhere, you go inside a building, or a room. Here are some examples.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Simon, can you pop in to my office to discuss the sales figures?&lt;br /&gt;I'll just pop in to the shop to buy a paper. Wait for me outside.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We often use pop in when we visit someone at home, in a very informal way.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I'll pop in and see you on Saturday. I'll be near your house anyway.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is in that kind of situation that we often use pop round.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sarah, why don't you pop round some time for a cup of tea? I haven't seen you in ages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, both pop in and pop round are used to talk about visiting someone briefly, usually at their home. Pop out means to leave a building for a short time, and pop in means to go into a building for a short time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pop out does have one more meaning. We use it when something moves out of position because it is being pushed or it is under pressure. For example,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The cork unexpectedly popped out of the champagne bottle. The champagne went everywhere!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I hope that has helped you understand the differences between these phrasal verbs. It's time for me to pop round to my friend's house now for a cup of tea. I need a break after all this work.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-538989404984031417?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/538989404984031417/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/pop-in-pop-out-pop-round.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/538989404984031417'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/538989404984031417'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/pop-in-pop-out-pop-round.html' title='Pop in / pop out / pop round'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-8895586906477048315</id><published>2009-05-09T00:22:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:25:53.413-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Quy tắc đọc và viết ngày tháng tiếng Anh</title><content type='html'>Trong tiếng Anh, cách đọc và viết ngày tháng rất đa dạng và được áp dụng theo 2 văn phong: Anh-Anh hoặc Anh-Mỹ. Dưới đây là các quy tắc chung nhất về cách đọc và viết. Hãy thực hành thật nhiều để không bị lúng túng mỗi khi viết hay đọc ngày, tháng, năm bằng tiếng Anh bạn nhé. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Cách đọc viết ngày tháng theo Anh-Anh.&lt;br /&gt;- Ngày luôn viết trước tháng và bạn có thể thêm số thứ tự vào phía sau (ví dụ: st, th...), đồng thời bỏ đi giới từ of ở vị trí trước tháng (month). Dấu phẩy có thể được sử dụng trước năm (year), tuy nhiên cách dùng này không phổ biến.&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;o 6(th) (of) January(,) 2009 (Ngày mùng 6 tháng 1 năm 2009)&lt;br /&gt;o 1(st) (of) June(,) 2007 (Ngày mùng 1 tháng 5 năm 2007)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Khi đọc ngày tháng theo văn phong Anh – Anh, bạn sử dụng mạo từ xác định trước ngày&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;o March 2, 2009 - March the second, two thousand and nine&lt;br /&gt;2. Cách đọc và viết theo Anh-Mỹ&lt;br /&gt;- Nếu như viết ngày tháng theo văn phong Anh-Mỹ, tháng luôn viết trước ngày và có mạo từ đằng trước nó. Dấu phẩy thường được sử dụng trước năm&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;o August (the) 9(th), 2007 (Ngày mùng 9 tháng 8 năm 2007)&lt;br /&gt;- Bạn cũng có thể viết ngày, tháng, năm bằng các con số và đây cũng là cách thông dụng nhất.&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;o 9/8/07 hoặc 9-8-07&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tuy nhiên nếu bạn sử dụng cách viết như trong ví dụ trên, sẽ rất dễ xảy ra nhầm lẫn bởi nếu hiểu theo văn phong Anh-Anh sẽ là ngày mồng 9 tháng 8 năm 2007 nhưng sẽ là mồng 8 tháng 9 năm 2007 theo văn phong Anh-Mỹ. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Như vậy bạn nên viết rõ ràng ngày tháng bằng chữ (October thay vì chỉ viết số 10) hoặc sử dụng cách viết tắt (Aug, Sept, Dec...) để tránh sự nhầm lẫn đáng tiếc xảy ra&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Khi đọc ngày tháng theo văn phong Anh – Mỹ, bạn có thể bỏ mạo từ xác định:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;o March 2, 2009 - March second, two thousand and nine.&lt;br /&gt;Lưu ý:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nếu bạn đọc ngày trước tháng thì bạn phải sử dụng mạo từ xác định trước ngày và giới từ of trước tháng.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;o 2 March 2009 - the second of March, two thousand and nine&lt;br /&gt;o 4 September 2001 - the fourth of September, two thousand and one&lt;br /&gt;Hi vọng rằng sau khi tham khảo cách đọc và viết ngày tháng, các bạn có thể tự mình đưa ra những ví dụ để thực hành một cách nhuần nhuyễn, và tránh gặp sai lầm về sau. Chúc các bạn viết chính xác và đọc chuẩn nhé!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-8895586906477048315?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/8895586906477048315/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/quy-tac-oc-va-viet-ngay-thang-tieng-anh.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8895586906477048315'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8895586906477048315'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/quy-tac-oc-va-viet-ngay-thang-tieng-anh.html' title='Quy tắc đọc và viết ngày tháng tiếng Anh'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-2723927689383473128</id><published>2009-05-09T00:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:27:05.450-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Cấu trúc RELATIVE với giới từ đứng trước</title><content type='html'>Trong bài này chúng ta lại ôn về cấu trúc RELATIVE với giới từ đứng trước .&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ : This is the house .I live in it .&lt;br /&gt;=&gt; This is the house in which I live .&lt;br /&gt;Giới từ in bình thường ở sau động từ live nhưng ta cũng có thể đem nó ra trước which .Bài này người ta luyện cho mình cách sử dụng công thức này . &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cần nhớ là chỉ có WHICH và WHOM mới có thể đi sau giới từ ,còn các chữ khác như THAT ,WHOSE .. thì không thể .&lt;br /&gt;This is the chair .I sit on it .&lt;br /&gt;=&gt; This is the chair on that I sit . ( sai ) &lt;br /&gt;=&gt; This is the chair on which I sit . ( đúng ) &lt;br /&gt;Các bạn cũng chú ý các cụm từ chỉ định lượng đi với of : both of ,none of ,one of ,two of ,neither of ,most of ..... phải đem cả cụm ra trước which ,whom &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have many dogs . You like none of them &lt;br /&gt;=&gt; I have many dogs none of which You like .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trong cấu trúc này các bạn sẽ gặp những giới từ không thể đem ra phía trước .Đó là trừong hợp giới từ đó hợp với động từ thành một cụm động từ dính liền nên ta không thể tách rời chúng được .&lt;br /&gt;Ví dụ như : Come across ( tình cờ gặp ) ,look after ( chăm sóc ), put up with ( chịu đựng ) ,give up ( từ bỏ )....&lt;br /&gt;This is the man .I came across him yesterday &lt;br /&gt;=&gt; This is the man across whom I came yesterday (sai )&lt;br /&gt;=&gt; This is the man whom I came across yesterday (đúng )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-2723927689383473128?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/2723927689383473128/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/cau-truc-relative-voi-gioi-tu-ung-truoc.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2723927689383473128'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/2723927689383473128'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/cau-truc-relative-voi-gioi-tu-ung-truoc.html' title='Cấu trúc RELATIVE với giới từ đứng trước'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-6803846551115571320</id><published>2009-05-08T23:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T04:26:25.932-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cấu trúc hay trong tiếng anh'/><title type='text'>Thành ngữ chỉ thời gian trong tiếng anh</title><content type='html'>Thời gian là vàng, là bạc, là một trong những thứ quí giá nhất mà con người sở hữu và cần được giữ gìn. Vậy bạn đã biết trong kho tàng thành ngữ (idioms) tiếng Anh, khái niệm quan trọng và có ý nghĩa này được diễn đạt như thế nào chưa? Hãy cùng GlobalEdu và “Mỗi ngày một tri thức mới” tìm hiểu nhé.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trước hết, hãy cùng nhớ lại một vài thành ngữ chỉ thời gian đã trở nên khá quen thuộc và phổ biến như: “rush hour” (giờ cao điểm), “better late than never” (thà muộn còn hơn không) hay “for good” (mãi mãi).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sau đây chúng tôi xin được giới thiệu cùng bạn đọc một vài thành ngữ chỉ thời gian tiêu biểu khác với hi vọng giúp phần nào các bạn bổ sung và làm sống động thêm vốn thành ngữ tiếng Anh của mình.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Day in, day out&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Khi bạn nói rằng mình làm một thứ gì đó suốt nhiều ngày trời, hết ngày này sang ngày khác, ngày nào cũng giống nhau thì điều đó có thể được diễn đạt như sau:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* I couldn’t stand doing the same thing day in, day out for months. I’d go crazy!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Khi đó, người nghe sẽ hiểu rằng bạn đang lặp đi lặp lại những thứ giống nhau hàng ngày (every single day), và họ cũng thầm thích thú trước cách diễn đạt thông qua thành ngữ hết sức thú vị của bạn đấy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Every other day&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nghĩa của thành ngữ này cũng gần giống như thành ngữ “day in, day out” ở phía trên, song nó mang mức độ biểu cảm thấp hơn. Nói cách khác, bạn có thể hiểu tần suất của “every other day” thấp hơn “day in, day out”. Hãy nhìn ví dụ dưới đây:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* What’s wrong with that photocopier?&lt;br /&gt;* It goes on the blink every other day. It’s useless.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Qua ví dụ này, bạn có thể hiểu rằng chiếc máy photocopy trong câu trên rất hay bị hỏng (This machine goes wrong very often).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. In a row&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Khi có một chuỗi sự kiện hoặc hành động nào đó xảy ra liên tiếp nhau, bạn có thể sử dụng thành ngữ này để diễn tả tính chất liên tiếp, nối đuôi nhau của chuỗi hành động hoặc sự kiện đó. Ví dụ:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Your supervisor informs me that you’ve been late for work four days in a row. Is there a particular problem we can help you with?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vẫn còn rất nhiều thành ngữ hay về thời gian sẽ được giới thiệu ở phần 2 sắp tới. Các bạn hãy đón xem nhé!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-6803846551115571320?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/6803846551115571320/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/thanh-ngu-chi-thoi-gian-trong-tieng-anh.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6803846551115571320'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6803846551115571320'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/thanh-ngu-chi-thoi-gian-trong-tieng-anh.html' title='Thành ngữ chỉ thời gian trong tiếng anh'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-8939687975856395683</id><published>2009-05-03T23:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T22:41:12.315-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Khoa học và cuộc sống'/><title type='text'>Công thức pha các loại nước chấm</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nước chấm bánh cuốn&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;(1 gói bột bánh cuốn):300ml nước lọc + 25g đường + 15ml nước mắm + ớt băm + ít dấm nêm sau cùng cho vừa độ chuaNếu thích ăn nước mắm ngọt kiểu Nam thì dùng 50g đường và 50ml nước mắm trong công thức và bỏ dấm.Nước chấm bánh cuốn pha sẵn ngoài hàng màu nhạt là vì bỏ ít nước mắm. Nếu thích đậm hơn có thể tăng lượng nước mắm trong công thức lên 30ml&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nước chấm nem rán (chả giò):200ml nước lọc + 2,5 thìa súp đường + 3,5 thìa súp nước mắm + 3 thìa súp dấm+2 quả ớt cay, bỏ hạt, băm nhỏ + 1 nhánh tỏi băm + 1/4 thìa súp hạt tiêu xayCũng có thể pha theo kiểu: 1 phần nước mắm + 3 đến 4 phần nước lọc + 1/4 phần đường + tỏi ớt băm nhỏ. Ăn kèm đồ chua&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nước chấm chua ngọt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Đun sôi 250g đường (có thể thêm nếu thích ngọt hơn) với 0,5l dấm gạo trên lửa nhỏ khoảng 15', hớt bọt nếu có. Dung dịch dấm đường này có thể đổ vào chai sử dụng nhiều lần rất thuận tiện cho nhiều món ăn khác nhau như sườn xào chua ngọt, cá sốt chua ngọt, pha chế nước chấm bún chả, bún nem ...***ghi chú không thể thiếu là các loại nước chấm bún nên làm nóng trước khi ăn thì mới ngon, vì bún lạnh mà&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nước chấm bún chả&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Lấy nước chấm chua ngọt nói trên một lượng vừa đủ ăn + nước mắm + nước sôi để nguội vào theo thứ tự và nêm nếm cho đến khi có vị vừa miệng + tỏi băm nhuyễn + hạt tiêu rang xay vỡ+ ớt băm bỏ hạt.Cách khác (cầu kì hơn, nhưng ăn thấy cũng ngon hơn ;)Nước dùng gà trong 250ml + Nước dừa tươi 150ml + Đường 150g + Nước hàng để tạo màu 60g + Muối: 10g: đun sôi, hớt bọtNước mắm: 60ml+ Tỏi băm nhỏ 25g + Ớt tươi băm nhỏ 25g + Nước cốt chanh 100ml + Dấm gạo 50ml + Hạt tiêu rang thơm xay vỡ: 10gCách khác nữa:1 dấm + 3/4 - 1 đường + 1/2 mắm + 2 nước lọc (nước đun sôi để nguội)có thể bớt chút dấm đi và vắt chút chanh/quất cho thơm thơm, gần ăn thì đập tỏi, ớt đập dập băm nhỏ và rắc chút hạt tiêu vào. Hoặc là ngâm tỏi ớt trong nước dấm trước một lúc rồi mới pha chế các thứ khác&lt;br /&gt;Ở hàng bún người ta hay cho ít nước mắm mà thay vào đó là nước hàng để tạo màuĂn bún chả kiểu Bắc thì cho thêm vào nước chấm đu đủ xanh. Đu đủ cắt vuông hoặc tỉa hoa cho đẹp, bóp muối sơ rồi lấy nước sôi dội qua, vắt khô thả vào bát nước chấm, nếu ko vội có thể ngâm với dấm trước 10 - 15' thì sẽ giòn hơn.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nước chấm thịt xá xíu(khoảng 500g thịt)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;1/2 bát ăn cơm nước mắm ngon + 1 thìa súp đường + 5 tép tỏi băm + 5 quả ớt cay bỏ hạt, băm nhỏ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nước sốt chấm nem cuốn (gỏi cuốn)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;1 củ hành khô phi thơm + 8 thìa súp Hoisin sauce (tương ăn phở) + 1 thìa cafe bơ lạc + 1 tí muối&lt;br /&gt;Nước sốt bơ lạc chấm thịt bò satay :300ml nước cốt dừa + 8 thìa bơ lạc + 1/2 củ hành tây nhỏ băm nhuyễn + 2 thìa đường thốt nốt1/2 thìa cafe ớt bột + 1 thìa nước tươngtất cả đun sôi trên lửa vừa, giữ ấm trước khi ăn&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nước mắm tỏi ớt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;3 thìa súp nước sôi khuấy tan 3 thìa súp đường + 2 thìa súp nước mắm + tỏi, ớt băm nhỏ + 1/4 quả chanh vắt lấy nước&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nước chấm bánh bột lọc&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Dầm nát quả ớt trong chén nước mắm và pha vào đó ít nước chanh vắtNếu thấy vị nước mắm gắt quá thì tùy ý thêm chút nước lọc và đường vào.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nước chấm bánh bèo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Dùng nước vỏ tôm để chế biến. Công thức ví dụ: vỏ của 200g tôm (thịt tôm thì làm ruốc tôm rồi) + 2 bát nước nấu sôi nhỏ lửa 5-7 phút, lọc qua rây, lấy phần nước trong + 1 thìa nước mắm, để yên cho nước lắng đọng rồi gạn lấy nước trong lần hai, thêm khoảng 1/3 thìa cafe muối cho đậm rồi từ từ nêm thêm tí đường, nước chanh vắt cho vừa chua ngọt nhẹ, cuối cùng cho ít nước tỏi ép và ớt cắt nhỏ.nếu không muốn cầu kì thì dùng công thức 1 phần nước mắm + 1 phần đường + 1 1/2 phần nước + 2/5 dấm gạo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nước chấm thịt vịt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;4,5 thìa súp nước mắm + 5 thìa súp đường + 1 thìa súp gừng gọt vỏ băm nhuyễn + 1-2 thìa cafe tỏi băm + 1-2 thìa súp nước lọc + ít nước chanh vắt cho hỗn hợp có vị chua nhẹ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nước chấm bò bía&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;1 phần tương đen (Hoisin-sauce) + 1/2 phần tương ớt, rắc thêm ít lạc/đậu phộng rang, bỏ vỏ, giã dập lên mặt bát nước chấm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;nước chấm ốc&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2 thìa nước mắm ngon + 1 thìa nước sôi để nguội + 1 thìa nước cốt chanh + 2 thìa đường. Khuấy tan rồi cho thêm gừng, ớt, tỏi băm thật nhỏ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chấm sò huyết&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;muối rang + hạt tiêu rang&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chấm ngao&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;đường + gia vị + tương ớt + chút nước cốt chanh&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chấm cua, ghẹ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;đường + một chút nước mắm + quả quất vắt nước, vỏ quất thái nhỏ cho luôn vào nước chấm. Khi ăn thì ăn cả vỏ quất cho khỏi tanh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nước mắm chanh - ớt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;chấm các món luộc, cá rán nước chanh + ớt thái khoanh tròn nhỏ vào ngâm 15 phút. Sau đó cho nước mắm ngon vào. Nếu nước mắm mặn thì pha một chút nước lọc, thêm chút đường.&lt;br /&gt;Mắm tôm – chanh - ớt chấm chả cá, thịt chó, đậu phụ ránCho đường, nước cốt chanh vào đánh kỹ với mắm tôm tới khi nổi bọt trắng mịn thì cho thêm ớt tươi thái khoanh nhỏ vào trộn đều. Nếu mắm tôm bị mặn có thể cho thêm chút nước sôi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nước chấm các món nem rán, chả nướng, bánh tôm, bún bò khô…&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;cần có đủ các vị chua – cay – mặn – ngọt. Băm nhỏ tỏi, ớt ngâm giấm khoảng 30 phút. Hòa nước sôi để nguội với đường, rót từ từ nước mắm vào. Cuối cùng đổ bát giấm, ớt, tỏi hòa cho đều. Tỏi ớt sẽ nổi lên mặt bát nước chấm trông đẹp mắt, Tỷ lệ các thành phần để bát nước chấm có các vị chua – cay – mặn – ngọt cân đối: 30g giấm, 30g đường, 30g nước mắm, 100g nước lọc, tỏi ớt vừa đủ sẽ được khoảng một bát ăn cơm nước chấm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nước sốt chấm các món tẩm bột rán&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;có thể mua sẵn loại đóng chai hoặc tự pha theo cách sauCùng một loại nước chấm chua – cay – mặn – ngọt như trên, nhưng nếu để chấm với các món bao bột như tôm bột rán, cá tẩm bột rán, đùi ếch tẩm bột… thì bạn chỉ cần giảm lượng nước xuống còn 50g, sau đó hòa chút xíu bột đao, đem đun sôi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;style type="text/css"&gt;body {cursor: url(http://www.myspacecursor.net/cursor/DragonflyCM.ani); }&lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.myspacecursor.net" title="Free Cursors"&gt;Free Cursors&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.freelayoutsnow.com" title="Myspace Layouts"&gt;Myspace Layouts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.getmyspacecomments.com" title="Myspace Comments"&gt;Myspace Comments&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-8939687975856395683?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/8939687975856395683/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/cong-thuc-pha-cac-loai-nuoc-cham.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8939687975856395683'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/8939687975856395683'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/05/cong-thuc-pha-cac-loai-nuoc-cham.html' title='Công thức pha các loại nước chấm'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-6381830525280141621</id><published>2009-04-18T22:55:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T01:59:59.211-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Công nghệ hóa học'/><title type='text'>Petroleum Refining</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;Petroleum&lt;/span&gt; refining can be defined as the physical, thermal and chemical separation of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/Crude_Oil-WS47320799-1_En.htm"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;crude oil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt; into major distillation components, or fractions. These distillation fractions can be further processed through separation and conversion into finished petroleum products. A petroleum refinery is the facility where this process takes place. Petroleum refinery facilities distil or separate crude oil into smaller fractions (or groups of molecules) in order to make more than 2500 different products that we use in our vehicles, homes, and industries. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;These products&lt;/span&gt; can be broadly grouped into three main areas: &lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/Fuels-WS0E66B313-1_En.htm"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;fuels&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt; (such as motor gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, light and heavy fuel oil), non-fuel products (such as lubricating oils and greases, asphalt) and raw materials for the chemical industry.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;Refinement&lt;/span&gt; ProcessThe refinement of fossil fuels involves a number of steps including: &lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/Distillation_and_Separation-WS639EA844-1_En.htm"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;distillation and separation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/Conversion_or_Upgrading-WS8974DEED-1_En.htm"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;conversion or upgrading&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/Desulphurization_or_Sweetening-WS9583D1B3-1_En.htm"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;desulphurization or sweetening&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;; and in some cases the use of additives to improve the fuel's performance. Distillation, separation, conversion and desulphurization techniques are influenced by the different chemical and physical properties of each fraction or part of crude oil. Often high levels of heat and pressure, along with catalysts, are used to break down the crude oil into its component parts, or to clean it of impurities such as sulphur. “Cracking” and “coking” are two techniques used by refineries to perform this task. Different petroleum refineries use different refining techniques and technologies. Petroleum Refining in Canada Oil was first discovered in the early 1700s as a bituminous gum that flowed out of the banks of the Athabasca River, in Alberta. It wasn't until the mid 19th century before the first oil refinery, using a fractional distillation process, could change oil into more refined products such as kerosene. Around 1870, nearly 20 small refineries existed in southern Ontario, mainly to produce kerosene. At that time, gasoline, naphtha and benzene were regarded as by-products and were discarded! At the beginning of the 20th century, automobiles powered by gasoline gained popularity, providing a market for this previous by-product, gasoline. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;In&lt;/span&gt; 1947, the giant Leduc was discovered near Edmonton, which was the largest oil field of its time. Leduc produced oil continuously until the 1990s. It made Western Canada the centre of the Canadian oil industry and encouraged an exploration surge! Canadian petroleum refineries obtain crude from numerous sources including oils fields and oil sands operated by the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/Upstream_Oil_and_Gas-WSEBE19790-0_En.htm"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;upstream oil and gas industry,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt; as well as imports from other countries. They are also responsible for the distribution of refined petroleum to users and for further processing to domestic and international destinations. Air Emissions from Petroleum RefineriesThe petroleum refining process results in the release of a number of air pollutants, including: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/SOx-WSBBB2123F-1_En.htm"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;sulphur oxides&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/NOx-WS489FEE7D-1_En.htm"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;nitrogen oxides&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/VOC-WS15B9B65A-1_En.htm"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;volatile organic compounds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/PM_2.5,10-WS2C68B45C-1_En.htm"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;particulate matter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/CO-WS139689AB-1_En.htm"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;carbon monoxide&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;, and benzene, as well as many &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/ghg/gases_e.cfm"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;greenhouse gases (GHGs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;. Based on emission information provided by the petroleum refining sector, the refining industry's contribution to overall emissions is summarized in the table below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326278118444578946" style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; width: 400px; height: 205px; text-align: center;" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Seq9upjTOII/AAAAAAAAA0I/PceSJlXgqmY/s400/TABLE.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;Notes:* these percentages are based on the national emission inventory for 2000.† for benzene, data is for 1999/2000, from Benzene Canada-wide Standard Phase 1 - National Summary, Annual Progress Report, December 2001 Under the auspices of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ccme.ca/"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;, Environment Canada was engaged in the development of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ccme.ca/ourwork/air.html?category_id=69"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;National Framework for Petroleum Refinery Emissions Reduction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;. The Framework was coordinated by a multi-stakeholder Steering Committee co-chaired by Alberta Environment and Environment Canada and included representation from federal, provincial, municipal, governments, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cppi.ca/"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;Canadian Petroleum Products Institute&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt; and non-governmental health and environmental organizations. The Refinery Framework's goals are to help protect human health and the environment and help achieve substantive emission reductions-as high as 50% of some parameters at some facilities. The Framework also aims to achieve convergence of the environmental performance of Canadian refineries with comparable refineries in the United States.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt; &lt;style type="text/css"&gt;body {cursor: url(http://www.myspacecursor.net/japanese/1.ani); }&lt;/style&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:arial;" &gt;&lt;a href="http://www.myspacecursor.net/" title="Free Cursors"&gt;Free Cursors&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.freelayoutsnow.com/" title="Myspace Layouts"&gt;Myspace Layouts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.getmyspacecomments.com/" title="Myspace Comments"&gt;Myspace Comments&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/950444668249820676-6381830525280141621?l=22uall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/Petroleum_Refining-WSBB3EBEBF-1_En.htm' title='Petroleum Refining'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/feeds/6381830525280141621/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/04/petroleum-refining.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6381830525280141621'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/950444668249820676/posts/default/6381830525280141621'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://22uall.blogspot.com/2009/04/petroleum-refining.html' title='Petroleum Refining'/><author><name>Nguyen Quoc Hoang</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12416696591956128035</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/Seq9upjTOII/AAAAAAAAA0I/PceSJlXgqmY/s72-c/TABLE.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-950444668249820676.post-8966710384564869929</id><published>2009-04-15T13:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-05-13T01:59:31.263-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Truyện tranh - Comic'/><title type='text'>Naruto Uzumaki</title><content type='html'>&lt;div  style="font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/SeZJoq5mcII/AAAAAAAAAsc/TU8vAo4vHq0/s1600-h/1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325024572471668866" style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; float: left; width: 90px; height: 200px;" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_g8b7lLqz65w/SeZJoq5mcII/AAAAAAAAAsc/TU8vAo4vHq0/s200/1.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Naruto Uzumaki (うずまき ナルト ,Uzumaki Naruto&lt;a title="Help:Japanese" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Japanese"&gt;?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;) is a &lt;a title="Character (arts)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_%28arts%29"&gt;fictional &lt;/a&gt;&lt;a title="Character (arts)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_%28arts%29"&gt;character&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; in the &lt;a title="Anime" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime"&gt;anime&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; and &lt;a title="Manga" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manga"&gt;manga&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; franchise &lt;a title="Naruto" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naruto"&gt;Naruto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; created by &lt;a title="Masashi Kishimoto" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masashi_Kishimoto"&gt;Masashi Kishimoto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;. Naruto is the main &lt;a title="Protagonist" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonist"&gt;protagonist&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; and titular character of the series. In creating Naruto, Kishimoto wished to keep the character "simple and stupid" while giving him many attributes of &lt;a title="Son Goku (Dragon Ball)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_Goku_%28Dragon_Ball%29"&gt;Son Goku&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;, the main character from the &lt;a title="Dragon Ball" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Ball"&gt;Dragon Ball franchise&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;. However, Kishimoto also added his dark past to make him look unique. Naruto's initial design has been changed several times by Kishimoto giving him different clothes to make him more appealing to Western audience as well as to be easier to draw.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="fullpost"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the series, Naruto is a ninja affiliated with the fictional village of &lt;a title="World of Naruto" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_of_Naruto#Konohagakure"&gt;Konohagakure&lt;/a&gt;. The villagers ostracize Naruto because the &lt;a title="List of Naruto characters" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Naruto_characters#Nine-tailed_demon_fox"&gt;nine-tailed demon fox&lt;/a&gt;, a malevolent creature that attacked Konohagakure, is sealed within his body. As such, Naruto has ambitions of becoming the village's leader, the &lt;a title="World of Naruto" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_of_Naruto#Kage"&gt;Hokage&lt;/a&gt; in order make everybody respect him. However, Naruto maintains a cheerful and boisterous personality, allowing him to befriend several other Konoha ninja throughout the series, as well as ninja from other villages. He builds an especially close relationship with Team 7, the ninja team where he belongs, treating them as his family. Naruto appears in all of the series' films, as well as in other media related to the franchise, including all video games and OVAs.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Several anime and manga publications have expressed acclaim and criticism of Naruto's character. Some view him as a stereotypical manga and anime protagonist comparable to those in many other &lt;a title="Shōnen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen"&gt;shōnen&lt;/a&gt; manga, while others have praised his personality as well as his development in the series. Nevertheless, Naruto has remained highly popular with the Naruto reader base, placing high in several popularity polls. Merchandise based on Naruto has also been released, including &lt;a title="Action figure" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_figure"&gt;figurines&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a title="Plush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plush"&gt;plush dolls&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Creation and conception&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;When Kishimoto created Naruto's character, he incorporated a number of traits he felt made an ideal hero: a straightforward way of thinking, a mischievous side, and many of the attributes possessed by Goku from the Dragon Ball franchise. He also made sure to keep Naruto "simple and stupid." Kishimoto did not model Naruto after anyone in particular, instead conceiving him as childlike with a dark side induced by his harsh past. Despite this, he is always optimistic, a trait Kishimoto says makes him unique. Naruto's personality is, by and large, childish in nature. Kishimoto frequently tries to show this when illustrating Naruto, such as depicting him mimicking a turtle like a child might do on the manga cover of volume 10. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Naruto's wardrobe is based on clothing Kishimoto wore when he was younger; according to Kishimoto, using a pre-existing design would not have made Naruto unique whereas something original would have made him stand out too much. The orange coloring of his costume is used t
